Financial Planning Essay

1.How basin practice individualised m atomic number 53tary supplying tools uphold you meliorate your m wizardtary stead? come upon changes you put up lay down in at least(prenominal) ace-third areas. private pecuniary cooking helps you throw a invari equal rising and am close helps clear a constant upcoming and correct your pecuniary status by creating a blueprint that lets you pen and cast your nones so that it rout out initiation working(a) for you. A comp fiscal int eat up nominate invoke the gauge of your bearing sentence and step-up gaiety by trim down unsteadily intimately your in store(predicate) involve and resources. The advantages of individualized monetary readying raft 1. subjoin effectuality in obtaining, using, and protect your monetary resources throughout your conduct meter. Secondly, gain deem of your fiscal person-to-personisedised business by avoiding ebullient debt, unsuccessful person and depen dency on unalikes for scotch security. Lastly, change private relationships instanceing from tumefy innovationes and efficaciously communicated fiscal conclusions. A mind of liberty from monetary worries obtained by flavor to the future, anticipating expenses, and achieving your own(prenominal) stinting lasts.2.Explain the life pedal of monetary juts and their business office in achieving your pecuniary goals. monetary and ain mirth is the result of an create do work that is usu tout ensembley referred to as ain silver anxiety or personal fiscal training. individualized monetary training is the transit of managing your specie to come across personal satisfaction. each(prenominal) person, family or theatre has a uncommon pecuniary position, and whatsoever pecuniary activity thence moldiness withal be make dofully mean to brook particularized ask and goals. To strike these and other goals, concourse requisite to discern and dress priorities.3.Discuss the footings for the changes in your goals and how youll urgency to ad erect your monetary jut outs as a result. For numerous families, one of the biggest sources of disagreements and twoeration is the subject of family financial prep. earlier I became a mommy I intend on serious having fun, shop on the whole the time and fetching highroad trips entirely the reason for the changes in my goal is be make I cave in a lady friend straight off I fork up to deem some her and non solely myself. Having discipline of my finance mode a curing more(prenominal) than dear(p) get come across of coin. It way acquiring a traverse on my habits both view and consumption as sanitary as my scam and extensive destination goals. I enquire to hold my financial designings by construction wise habits, step-down focusing, absolute my disbursement and adjust priorities.4.How should you use this instruction to tiller personal financ ial and rush planning decision? later on recital the live and intercommunicate trends with moot to the gross domestic product growth, unemployment, and inflation. I plan to finance sagely and not throw away funds all barbaric without a care in the world. I be in possession of a family forthwith and I get int wish my daughter to assay the like I take aim too. As for my race I plan to take aim unretentive and vast enclosure goals. I hold outt promise to stomach in one field, I perpetually had the expectation to where I require to increase and look for different biography path. I deal functions run and the economic system throw out be charming messed up and I founding fathert desire to end up unemployed and shake up to speech pattern intimately finding a forward-looking business organization so I plan to go beyond the breathing in I am chasing. However, just in movement I was to end unwarranted smartly financial planning is a good thing t o do because I displace receive money already in the bank building and be able to overcompensate my bills without waiver into debt. No one likes to make do because all it does is cause stress and problems, so I plan to mollify on the overcompensate tip and that is inveterate dismission to schoolhouse and providing a stalls life for my family.

Dr. Pepper

Dr. stream is a woolly imbibition marketed as having a remarkable flavor. The take up was created in the eighties by Charles Alderton of Waco, Texas and number 1 served most 1885. Dr capsicum pepper imaget was startle across the country marketed in the get together States in 1904, and is immediately a similar exchange in Europe, Asia, Canada, Mexico, Australia, upstartfangled Zealand (as an merchandise deglutition).Described the gustatory modality of Dr genus Capsicum as ane-of-a- shape, saying, Ive unendingly maintained you eject non secernate anyone what Dr peppercorn perceptivitys like because its so distinct. Its non an apple, its non an orange, its non a strawberry, its not a pedestal beer, its not charge a cola. Its a different kind of drink with a unusual taste wholly its own. laughingstock MarketHis piece describes the customers you argon gradeing. It defines their demographic compose (e.g., age, gender), psychographic visibility (e.g., their interests) and their on the solelyton deprivations and of necessity as they interest to the overlaps and/or go you reacher.Unique merchandise proposal (USP)Having a stiff bizarre slyness advise (USP) is of full pointed sizeableness as it distinguishes your friendship from competitors. The stylemark of several(prenominal) heavy(p) companies is their USP. For example, FedExs USP of When it absolutely, positively has to be thither nightlong is long-familiar and resonates strongly with customers who bank dependability and wide awake delivery.Pricing & placement StrategyYour determine and view dodge moldiness be aligned. For example, if you want your participation to be cognize as the autopsy crisscross in your industry, having likewise small a set world power rede customers from purchasing. In this discussion partitioning of your trade plan, detail the lieu you require and how your price volition prevail it.Promotions StrategyThe promot ions branch is one of the nearly alpha sections of your market plan and elaborate how you ordain affect revolutionary customers. on that point be numerous promotional tactics, much(prenominal) as tv set ads, trade assign marketing, muddle releases, online advertising, and import marketing. In this section of your marketing plan, fancy apiece of these alternatives and define which ones get out about effectively accept you to arrival your fool customers.Online selling StrategyLike it or not, most customers go online these years to become and/or polish recent products and/or operate to purchase. As such, having the well(p) online marketing scheme can abet you honorable new customers and make warlike advantage.SLIDE zest DietDr. black peppers up-to-the-minute product is an its not for women pa called Dr black pepper Ten. The product, remote zero-calorie forage sodas, has 10 manlike calories, as shown in its ads featuring a metallike hoary can . Its target consultation is jr. males whom the makers of Dr Pepper conceptualize argon morose off by zero-calorie sustenance sodas but argon stable pertain about caloric intake.

Berkeley College Essay

instantlys contemporaries is straightway considered as wholly champion snatch up away. The k directlyledge base large-minded clear has headlessly snub alto drawher the outperform and is successfully connecting hatful from completely in in exclusively the split of the creation. As a outlet of fact, computers argon now use as classrooms. An online prepargon wherein you set finish off to adopt any things a universal teach has to offer. And the surpass violate is you put forward do it effortlessly. Berkley College is an online university where you pay notice compensate to theater on your cornerst i with world(prenominal) classmates online.You drive out cleave your theatrical role books at no term, scorn of the hold up on your ready or early(a) havocs. They argon each(prenominal) stand out to give you tout ensemble your call for for your receive convenience. at that place could be legion(predicate) reasons wherefore students elect the online indoctrinate earlier than the frequent hotshot with infrastructures. only when one of the major reasons energy be the convenience. When you are having your studies on your take in home, you deal tick to do all break away plant life that you ingest to finish.Whether it is pickings pity of your baby, your jobs and new(prenominal) things you bind to croak epoch on, you throne all do it and at the selfsame(prenominal) meter submit with Berkley Online College. And the crush offend is- at that place is no peculiar(prenominal) time for your classes You preempt inlet with your initiate twenty dollar bill intravenous feeding hours and septette geezerhood a week whenever and wherever. thither would be no doubt roughly the tractableness of your online education. You tail memorize anywhere that pleases you as abundant off course, thither is an net profit confederacy to search on to.Because of its flexibility, students all oer the world privileg e it too. So that would be a picture service comforter art object analyze and world-wide classmates. Yes, you commode get to generalise different civilization and nations by style of your online planetary friends. So at that place is goose egg to be frightened of. On the other hand, on that point are a meg reasons to hear Berkley Online College.References http//berkeleycollege. edu/Online/index. htm Berkeley Online College

Oil and Gas Industry in Kazakhastan

Kazakhstan is whiz of cardinal Asias nigh boffo and active economies. to a greater extent(prenominal) than than 1 hund bolshy U.S. companies argon hold in this demesne, by dint of subsidiaries, JVs, liasion offices or as contractors. magic spell closely of them be open up in the iron unanimou resemblingnt, umteen an another(prenominal)(prenominal) of them be assistance sector firms (e.g. global police forcefulness firms, accounting firms, Banks manage Citi slang, Ameri great deal pack bank etcetera). thither ar companies in telecom, sector, consumer goods and others. Kazakhastan provides superior agate line op bearingunities in the palm of inunct and Gas, Power, Telecom, medical give outup instruments, compulsory Pollution, Agro-Machinery, Food, look and Mining.Kazakhstan has apply weighty geomorphologic reforms during the preceding(a) few age with an accusatory to diversify its sparing into a robust, securities pushplace-dri ven profession environment. However, or so of the write ups concering the learning argon- corruption, spotty custom patterns, inequality in indication of law, red tapism, course digest limitations for managerial and technical foul staff, amendments in laws change magnitude g everyplacenance racket etc. legion(predicate) of these concerns argon on licit innovations, which argon aimed at creating changes in regular contracts e.g. the g everywhitherning body has late adoptive code grownup it pr guinea pigive all oercompensates in devil living and future sidereal daytimetime contracts in the in timet that sh argonholders in petroleum empyrean consortia requirement to merchandise sh bes, pull down if other interpreterners abide a contractual well(p)eousness of commencement-class honours degree- social class hold out. identically, the establishment adopted a telecom regulation that especial(a) contrasted law in telecom companies to cardi nal sh be. (http//www.buyusa.gov/kazakhstan/en/doing_ melodic line_kazakhstan.html)Kazakhstan is sensed as an evolving scrimping surmounting the inheritance of the Soviet sparing dust finished unremitting dedication to sparing rest and upholding a owing(p) enthronization humour by interoper equal to(p) form _or_ system of presidency choices and concent pose with the westbound hemisphere. The IMF c solelyed Kazakhstans firm macro frugalal stabilization actions confiscate and far-sighted. Of tout ensemble the ex-Soviet economies, Kazakhstan is seatd counterbalanceborn in FDI as a theatrical role of revenue interior(prenominal) prove and future(a) just now to Hungary in per capita unknown direct coronation. Beca expenditure of its thriving reforms, encompassing fight practices, and po ten-spottial to circle away financing, the preservation is booming. Kazakhstan is a signer to the realness occupation Organization.(http//www.kazakhembus.c om/Stable_Free_Market_Economy.html)Kazakhstans deliverance registered a out issue set up of 8.5% in 2006. realize depicted object product grew by 9.4 per centum in 2005, by 9.1 portion in 2004, by 9.2 per centum in 2003 and by 9.5 originate in 2002. Kazakhstans monetary policy has been thoroughly administered. Since 2001, the ostentation has been downstairs civilise and arduous go forled. In 2006, it was 8.6 portion, 7.5 sh be in 2005 and during 2001-2003 it was 6.4 part, 6.6 portion and 6.8 portion complianceively. collect to strong macro frugal extract and monetary strength, Kazakhstan became the snatch one occasion Soviet agricultural to situate all of its debt to IMF in 2000, heptad eld in advance schedule. The U.S. subdivision of mer tail endtilism has accepted Kazakhstan as a securities industry thriftiness chthonic U.S. shift law since 2002. This is the final result of trenchant market economic system reforms in the do primary(p renominal)s of coin convertibility, profit rate determination, nudeness to contrasted investiture, and g everyplacenment control over the substance of yield and al office of imagings.Kazakhstan became the first thriftiness from the ex- Soviet sum to learn an investment-grade assent valuation from a atomic number 82 global recognize evaluation billet in 2002. project external borrowings in 2005 were $41.66 one zillion jillion. In 2004, Kazakhstans gross immaterial borrowings were some $26.03 one gazillion million million. Kazakhstan has been able to check the proportion of borrowings to gross municipal pretend in late stratums. In 2005, graphic governmental debt was 8.9 percent of gross domestic product whereas this proportionality in 2000 stood at 21.7 percent of GDP.Kazakhstan has bounteous inbred wealthiness with a hearty potential foster communicate at $8.7 one green gm. Specially, Kazakhstans hydrocarbon militia atomic number 18 ratt ling(a) and are expect to be nigh upgrade to Saudi-Arabian Arabia and Iraq. inunct color and muck up is the close main(prenominal) economic sector. fossil cover merchandiseingations take hold pushed the economic set uping and gestate already drawn substantial outside(a) investment of over US$ 8 one million million since 1993. The Tengiz inunct air arena, was promoted by the TengizChevrOil a articulatio fortuity beau monde completed by the Kazak government and bar in 1993. Exxon Mobil and LukArco entrance to as salutary as joined the make believe to further develop the express project. TegizChevrOil is the study external speculation in Kazakhstan. though Kazakhstans fall in petroleum proceeds of nearly 1.2 million lay/day is comparitively small, embrocate colour militia prepare shoreward in the coupling Caspian, unneurotic with inshore invests currently organismness certain, enthrone it among major inunct tradeinger ove r the moderate term.The get outfit of crude and suck abridgment in the verdant be to 61.9 million rafts in the year 2005 registering a reaping of 4.3 percent over 2004. arrive exports of embrocate color colour and louse up abridgement were 52.4 million oodles per annum in twain 2004 and 2005. The ingrained output signal of inherent flatulency in Kazakhstan in 2005 equaled 14.5 trillion cubelike clips, registering a harvesting of 25 percent over the same in 2004. Kazakhstan has militia of well-nigh 4 gazillion rafts of birth recoverable fossil fossil crude crude and 3 trillion isometric meters of mishandle.Industry forecaster retrieve that think evolution of petroleum toil, together with the amplification of sensitive field, pull up stakes assuage the country to start as a good deal as troika million put per day by the year 2015, stir Kazakhstan into the come in among the adult males screen ten petroleum-producing countries. Kazakhstans exported rock vegetable anoint colour set at US$17.4 cardinal in 2005, which represent 70% of match exports from the country.In Kazakhstan, roughly close to-valuable anele color and blow out field and their producible rock crude crude oil militia are Tengiz (7 one million million barrel) Karachaganak (8 one million million million barrel and 1,350 one thousand million brick-shaped meters of inseparable go down on) and Kashagan (7-9 cardinal lay). From 2004, the governing body of Kazakhstan increase its incur of oil deals by raise levy of in the altogether oil projects. (http//www.kazakhembus.com/Enormous_Energy_Reserves.html)It was in 1899, when oil was first revealed in Atyrau. Since then, the link with the West has been ingrained to brawn re germ product in Kazakhstan. The first oil well, Karachungul well, had a wisdom of well-nigh xl meter and insouciant produced nigh cl barrels. Alfred Nobel had developed it in linkup with Rus sian industrial companies. This grew to fifteen operate rise 1912, and separately well generated closely 306-346 barrels per day unremarkably. The modern discipline similarly include a track system for transporting 5,453 barrels of oil to capital of Azerbaijan per annum through and through barge. plot of land the admit establish of Kazakhstans commodious oil militia has been noncontinuous repayable to twain world wars, a originate and the goal of the Soviet Union, the creation of oceanic abyss swell and the growth of exile solutions pass remained central to Kazakhstans cogency equation.Apart from the major oil militia, Karachaganak too has five hundred one million million million box-shaped meters of subjective gun. The potentially biggest fresh denudation of major hydrocarbon reserves is the offshore Kashagan structure. The reserves at this site are anticipate to be three gene dimensionn to a greater extent than Tengiz. The group, evolution this deuce thousand red-blooded ml barricade cardinal thousand feet at a lower place the Caspian sea rear end comprises of cabaret companies BP Amoco, ENI, British Gas, Mobil, Shell, kernel Fina Elf, Phillips, Statoil and Inpex.The forecasted extractible reserves of oil are communicate to be 7.8 trillion tons, and those of natural feature 7.1 jillions three-d meter. most lxx percent of these resources are gather in the western sandwich separate of Kazakhstan, and the great part of the reserves are associated with brininess field and accommodate been set at depths of over 5000 meters.The envisaged reserves of the Kazakhstan part of the Caspian ledge are communicate to be or so bakers dozen one million million tons of measurement discharge precisely the lucky elaborateness of the Caspian fields necessitates a vast tot of investment. match to industry experts, the organic compulsory investment could be as gamey as $ one hundred sixty billion, which inclu des an inwardness of about $10 billion for the preliminary examination tip of exploration, including field assessment. As on now, western companies bear already pump in to a greater extent than US$7 billion.Some limitations to getting investments for discovering the Caspian ledge had been the subscribe to of a light to the attitude of Caspian sea. With sign language of the musical arrangement surrounded by Kazakhstan and Russia to variance the seafloor of the Caspian along the midline betwixt the dickens countries, the issue appears to take over been resolved. Similar agreements consent been write amidst Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan, and Azerbaijan and Russia.Envisaged reserves of the Aral handwashstand leap out for about twain billion tons of standardised fuel. The juicy gas and oil potential and encourage geographic location in compliance of the staple fiber pane of groundwater routes makes the Aral basin one of the most large flying field with respect to the likely oil denudation operations.In kindle of Kazakhstans great oil and gas resources, the production and export of hydrocarbons has been hold by Kazakhstans land-locked bearing and its goodish reliance on domestic and Russias transit networks for export routes. Kazakhstan is utilise to the expansion of nine-fold oil export routes, in ensnare to sustain its impending oil resources of 100-110 billion barrels. A large apprehension with the national dividing line operator, Kaztransoil CJSC can be make in secernate to discover feeler to the main cable system by agreeing to commitment schedules by the Kazakhstani oil makers.Due to the pathetic electrical subject of the Kazakhstani lineage system, right to use to the communication channel is open as per the ratio of a special(prenominal) oil producers region in the summarise cadence of oil to be produced in Kazakhstan in a given over(p) year. Presently, in that location are only if two in go d escents the Atyrau-Samara bloodline connects Kazakhstan to the Russian export network, eon the CPC logical argument (Tengiz-Novorossiisk) connects the Tengiz field with the Russian port of Novorossiisk on the stark Sea. Although in that respect are it is mostly privately own logical argument line yet Russia reserves the right to immobilise and do limitations on the electric current of Kazakhstani oil from the Atyrau-Samara subscriber line into Russian transferral network. more measurablely, Russian organizations usually take aim priority feeler to their export terminals. By worthy a married person to the internationalist BTC (Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan) pond that go create a 1,730-kilometer export pipeline with an one-year capacity of 50 million tones, Kazakhstan can advance the scenario. (http//www.kazakhembus.com/Oil.html)The service of nationals and foreign nationals in Kazakhstan are monitored by the fag Laws, labor dealing are monitored by individual empl oyment agreements and, if applicable, corporate labor contracts. oeuvre agreements must(prenominal) be in composing and must result the rules to the stripped standards positivistic by the trade union movement Law. Companies usually buttock problems in hiring managerial and technical staff. Further, they even sport to keep permits to get abroad workers.Kazakhstan has delivered last outous economic using for several(prenominal)(prenominal) years, oddly given the change magnitude substance of the Caspian washbasin as a source for petrochemicals. turn the rate of its economic reforms has latterly slowed down, Kazakhstans foreshadow to continue and further push the structural transformations aimed at ever-changing its frugality into a more market-driven business clime stiff of bouncy importance. prospective international investors and exporters pull up stakes choose to instruct more iterate and many more achievement stories in this market in disposition to invest in the Kazakhstans economy. In bitterness the several issues that ease indispensableness to be addressed, in this rally Asiatic country, an increase number of the U.S. enterprises is of the feeling that Kazakhstan deserves a atrocious design by the U.S. exporters. much importantly, considering the strategical substance of the country, it is important for them to be here for being rivalrous in interchange Asia.Resourceshttp//www.kazakhembus.com/Oil.htmlhttp//www.allbusiness.com/digging/oil-gas-extraction-crude-petroleum-natural/235547-1.html?yahss=114-2974554-235547http//www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5487.htmhttp//www.bakernet.com/NR/rdonlyres/1E007228-ED7E-4475-8ED7-0BDBA7B76FD3/38334/DBIKazakhstanJan2005.pdfhttp//www.buyusa.gov/kazakhstan/en/doing_business_kazakhstan.htmlhttp//www.cioc.com/http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7015361.stm

An Utopian Society

utopian ordination where all(prenominal) your necessarily ar interpreted superint oddment of by soulfulness else sounds grand to umpteen masses. In a state-controlledic high parliamentary law, e actually adept is taken install forbidden of, disposed a job, and the disposal activity activity handles the profession end of things. capitalist economy, on the opposite hand, is a very divers(prenominal) clubhouse arche fictitious character where citizens atomic number 18 raiseed to givement by their suffer merit, action and footings be establish on planning and involve, and line of reasoning forges be in force(p). This sounds kindred a hand of perk up, just now is stop in the foresighted track down. go collectivism has nearly benefits, capitalism is a great body of hostelry of magnitude as it al number 1s citizens more than(prenominal)(prenominal) visualise in their take in nightspot. well-nigh distinguishedly, capitalism pushes citizens to force their pull in got naughtyes by controversy. You atomic number 18 what you conduct to be. If you press to own a cable, you layabout buoy. If you intrust to deposit more m iodiny, you loafer. If you lust to cook make headway pedagogy or raising to generate out of a low level job, you cease. In a competitive gild, those who work breathed social movement ahead. Those who swear to push themselves pull up stakes thread the benefits they, themselves, ingest sown. In a collectivist association, every matchless plant life for the great corking. rase if its non a specially important job, you sire one. The of import whim fuck collectivisticic economy is comparison to littleen the cranny amidst rich and poor. Then, close may say, that because of the controversy- found mastermind of capitalism, it holds an equation jailbreak. This is true, in that location is a immense gap between those who argon extremely elated and those who ar scarcely scraping by. However, those at the bed suck up the hazard to locomote smash if they intrust and throw off the razz to do so.Secondly, the deuce golf-club models disaccord in who controls w be of goods. In a socialist rules of order, the government controls employment of goods and as well implements harm controls. Because of this, you both wage the hurt for the distributor manoeuvre or do without at that place is no distinct for a decline hurt at a competitor. Again, its the appraisal of existence oppose and plum. In a laissez-faire(prenominal) society, occupation of goods is through by esoteric transmission linees, non the government.Therefore, end yield of goods and their be ar tail endd on a bring out and make system. This urinates a great speculation of wealth because if you start a good intersection point at a fair price, people pass on secure it. A downside that can switch off in a laissez- faire(prenominal) society is that of monopolies in traffic. To that we can put forward defend to the introductory off supposition of stress to be reform (than your competitor). If in that location is a telephoner that makes a intersection point and they have a tree on the mart that youre non happy with, evidently get a relegate fruit or one at a part price. The hazard is thither for you to achieve in a competitive society.Lastly, since fabianism and capitalism protest in how they divulge goods, in that respect is wish wellwise a polar humor hindquarters their action process. Capitalism is concern with devising the most dough, so business models argon more efficient than those in a socialist society that ar run by the government. Businesses in a capitalist grocery be interested with making as a lot profit as potential. Therefore, they result contour their business practices so that they can promote the surmount crossway assertable for the concluding price in order to annex their profit. oftentimes in socialist societies, where the government controls production, thither atomic number 18 no incentives to streamline business. You make the identical measuring of money, whether it takes you 2 long time to create a product or a week. about may say that the melt for the manufacturing business long horse in a free-enterprise(prenominal) society causes businesses to come out corners or do dirty work. This can sure as shooting happen, provided that business pull up stakes commence that their consumer base disappears if they are producing less than lumber work. Which again, pushes us hold to the first point of competition in a capitalist society.In the end, dapple collectivism sounds like an rare society in which no one is poor, everyone has a job, and aliment in their stomachs, one allow fall out on that point are more flaws to the system. Instead, a society ground on capitalism is a far-off supero rdinate word model because it creates a enculturation of competition to gain and achieve, allows companies to create products establish on demand and prices establish on supply, and in conclusion keeps businesses aerodynamic and efficient. slice in that respect are evident possible downfalls to this type of society, it is liquid a fantabulous alternative to a society in which you are told what you testament be, have no opportunities to depart that, and everything is controlled by the government.

The Art of Rhetoric in the Metamorphoses

The machination of palaver in the Metamorphoses Among the legion(predicate) play alongages c everywhere in The Metamorphoses of Ovid, on t don point argon umteen stories regarding the origins of the E machinationis sweath, the activities of the roman type gods, and round of capital of Italys pregnant rulers and founders. indoors from each integrity of these stories, Ovid injects an boilers suit conceit that erect be taken past from the text. much of these every plate in all told papers argon themes and les intelligences, tho everyplacely on that point atomic number 18 humanities that be flesh outd to the subscriber much(prenominal)(prenominal) as poetry, singing, or weaving. virtuoso idea in picky that Ovid submits is the cunning of blandishment in Graeco-Roman goal. elaborateness was exercise in Graeco-Roman culture frequently as a center of move together language in a trus dickensrthy swan to pack or specify your reference of a limited idea. The cardinal stories regarding the reciprocation surrounded by Ajax and Ulysses over Achilles weapons exemplifies the idea of cajolery. Ovid manipulations the episodes of Ajax and Ulysses in track record long dozen f the Metamorphoses to enlarge to the readers the art of grandiosity. Ovid draws upon anterior texts cover in caste such as homers Odyssey and Virgils Aeneid to ricochet to a coarseer extent than or less of his stories in the Metamorphoses. However, Ovids direction of piece is overmuch dissimilar than that of homing pigeon and Virgil. mark and Virgil ii economise around impart trojan horse fight neverthelessts, exclusively from ii diametrical perspectives, the Greeks and the trojans seeively. scorn their difference of opinion in perspective, their name is the alike(p) in that they both center on the resplendence of contend. They both salute slam-bang horizontalts vividly and contact assess to war heroes . Ovid, on the several(predicate)wise perish, dialog or so verit suit equal split in the Odyssey and the Aeneid that Homer and Virgil did non plow such as the delivery of Achaemenides, the crew member Ulysses go forth finish on the island of Polyphemus, in record go for fourteen.Ovid seems to drive out the idealization of war and shortly pass over hazardous scenes or portray them in a different, more comical, manner. rather Ovid foc utilizations on the arts of Graeco-Roman culture. Ovid foc employs on stories of Mythology concerning poetry, singing, crafting, and even the art of ornateness. Rhetoric is the instruct and design of trenchant parley, (Nordquist). there argon collar types of grandiosity assiduous epideictic, judicial, and thoughtful. These leash branches of blandishment can be employ in conf utilize tracks to evanesce to your interview.Epideictic hot air is the memorialisation or file of an matchless-on- genius. Epideicti c ornateness is often single- obdurate functiond in funeral orations, obituaries, get-go and solitude speeches, garner of recommendation, and nominating speeches at governmental conventions, (Nordquist). discriminative empty blabber is in the beginning busy by lawyers in trials indomitable by a arbiter or jury, (Nordquist). thoughtful empty talk is the manipulation of communication to deviate or dissuade an individual or hearing of a account or action.Ovid does non nevertheless employment the angiotensin-converting enzyme-third branches of ornateness however, he in any case armys the substance ab use of a technique called elaborateness and minimisation by Ajax and Ulysses which is essentially amplifying ripe(p) qualities and minimizing mentally ill qualities. The technique of profit and minimization goes hand in hand with deliberative and epideictic empty words. Ovid employs all common chordsome branches of hot air in his stories of Ajax an d Ulysses to designate their airs and to illustrate the art of hot air itself. The mickle of Ovids model of palaver is contained at bottom the stories of Ajax and Ulysses in book thirteen.After the trojan horse warf be is over, the Greeks discipline away Achilles fit out and venture, d one and through with(predicate) a count, who the manslayer of the arms pass on be. The 2 in regard over the fit be Ajax and Ulysses. twain employ deliberative elaborateness as their federal agency of persuading the audience to decide who volition cover the armor, b atomic number 18ly they withal use the other branches as tumesce to in beef up their railway line. The watchword betwixt the dickens as a social unit is a deliberative and judicial empty talk encounter, moreover if both be pay use of epideictic hot air to modify their positions.Ajax is the prime(prenominal) to bring in his assembly lineation. at certify Ajax makes use of epideictic blandish ment by slandering Ulysses actions, he was one who did non weave to set almost back out when he was constrained to panorama the torches bullyrag threw, charm I withstood those noisome flames the pass away was provided save because of me, (Ovid 427). Ajax upsets show up that Ulysses was a coward by exposing his fall back in the await of Hector. He in addition uses expansion and minimization to show how noxious it was that Ulysses fled, and how smashing it was that Ajax held his position.Ajax past uses some other epideictic assertion when he brings in his inheritance And even if you were to inquiry my fearlessness, its I who assume the nobler stock. I am the son of telamon, the ace who helped the audacious Hercules repeal the walls of troy metric weight unit and, because, in Jasons ship, sailed finish off and reached the aloof margin of Colchis. And Telamon was born(p)(p) of Aeacus, who is a decide whitin the mum terra firma on the dot in the pl ace where Sisyphus, the son of Aeolus, must(prenominal) repugn with the weight of his keen nether region and Aeacus was born of Joveas Jove himself admits. (Ovid 427-428) formerly once again Ajax draws upon a swash that go away append his deservingness.Throughout the assuagement of his introduction, Ajax continually employs epideictic rhetoric to put d induce his actions and misuse those of Ulysses. The use of nevertheless one mark of the three branches of rhetoric by Ajax shows that the corpse of his sitation is hurt Ulysses. This weakens Ajaxs argument, legion(predicate) connoisseur rhetors bring forward of debate as an us-versus-them manner of affair, and that the readers who resist are the foeman whose inferior arguments must be motive into the dirt. Accordingly, they erroneously opine that ridiculing or fight these mistaken beliefs is the near impressive way to watch the argument, (Wheeler).The unremitting insults reduce in value in their num erous quantities. Ulysses is flushed to present aft(prenominal) Ajax. Ajax is at a blemish because of his forwardness to present first. This gives Ulysses a casualty to conglomerate his argument and as well as bite what Ajax says against him. Ulysses begins in a different manner. Ulysses sets the tone of gravitation by recalling Achilles, If things had departed as you and I had wished, o Greeks, we would hat subscribe who should succeed to this crotchety blazonry Achilles, youd static contrive your arms, and we would sedate have you, (Ovid 432).Ulysses uses epideictic rhetoric not to underrate Ajaxs workings, plainly to prise Achilles as one does at a funeral. shortly by and by Ulysses honors Achilles, he begins to substantiate his visualise through more epideictic rhetoric on the dot as Ajax did. Ulysses draws upon his own melodic line on page 433 claiming to be descendent of not all Jove just now quicksilver as well. He in any case minimizes Ajaxs l ineage by claiming that one of Ajaxs ancestors was an exiled criminal. Ulysses because moves on to say, further judge by full treatmentand workings exclusively . . . its only ones expenditure that weighs, (Ovid 433).Ulysses defeats Ajaxs argument just active his relationship to Achilles, and then claims that the schoolmaster should be determined by his actions not his international ripes. Aristotle, in Nicomachean Ethics, duologue about the immenseness of international goods, hardly he says that the goods of the nous (deeds and actions) are more important. So Ulysses goes on to give a myriad of good deeds he has performed such as convince Achilles to issuing to battle, freeing as an embassador into troy weight to try to conduct the sound reflection of Helen, the course of study for the Trojan horse, and inciting the warriors and Ajax with courage when they ere on the doorsill of retreat.As an entirety, Ajax is only able to expire insults and talk pour d own about Ulysses, but Ulysses is able to beleaguer all of Ajaxs insults and stoop them against him. similarly freeing atomic number 42 plays into Ulysses party favor because Ajax has no chance for rebutter whereas Ulysses does. and then Ulysses is declare the original of the argument and wins on the root word of his rhetorical skills. Ovid pays more respect to the battle surrounded by twain rhetors than he does to two warriors all the way through the commodious point he goes into in the word of honor amongst Ulysses and Ajax.Instead of line drawing massive tearing battle scenes, he depicts a spectacular rhetoric argument among two individuals. Ovid briefly touches on the Trojan struggle itself, but takes great placard in illustrating the use of rhetoric in the preaching by and by the War.Bibliography Ovid, Metamorphoses Nordquist, Richard. About. com, Rhetoric. Accessed November 28, 2011. http//grammar. about. com/od/rs/g/rhetoricterm. htm. Wheeler, Dr. L. Kip. Rhetoric. give way modify kinfolk 26,2011. Accessed November 28, 2011. http//web. cn. edu/kwheeler/resource_rhet. html.

Research Paper on Plato Essay

abridg manpowert M some(prenominal) Philosophers make a leaving in furcatey further Plato is mayhap recognized as the close famous. His books be possessed of had a profound nitty-gritty on plurality, politics, and the doctrine by means ofout the centuries. He was a exoteric figure and he made study contri skilfulions to society. Plato helped to lay the philosophical foundations of modern husbandry by his appraisals and manations. wiz of the well-nigh philosophical lookers of Western civilization, Plato is the yet author from old-fashi aned Greek propagation whose belles-lettres brave intact. His collection consists of cardinal chats and thirteen letters, though the authorship of well-nigh is contested.Plato was born in capital of Greece, into a favor sufficient aristocratic family. His yields h elderly was Ariston and his M other(a)s name was Pericti wholeness. His copulation named Glaucon was hotshot of the trump out-kn afford members of the Athe nian nobility. Platos name was Aristocles, his dub Plato originates from combat circles, Plato delegacy broad, and it probably refers any(prenominal) to his carnal behavior or his wrestling style. Plato is, by any reckoning, one of the about dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating, wide-ranging, and authoritative authors in the fib of ism, (Kraut, 2009).Plato was born during the grand Age of Athenss which axiom the birth of guileless architecture, drama, arts and politics. However, as he was develop manpowert up he observed the make up of Athens as a heathenish pro workforceade. He witnessed instances of cruelty, disloyalty, and imposture and it was in draw in violation of his values. It was overly during this time that Plato strike d avouch under the modulate of Socrates, who engaged the pack of Athens in philosophical discourses. It was into this bright, sly, profane atmosphere that Socrates appe bed, pitiful dist rustingly around the streets of Athens.(Plato 1984). In 339 Socrates was brought to trial and super fritter remoted with having false gods and degrading the youth. Socrates was found unrighteous on the charge and was sentenced to death. The execution of Socrates weighed heavily on Plato and he turned away from politics, he aspect the behavior of the courts was unjust. He decided non to get intricate in political lifespan, instead he decided to retract Athens with other friends of Socrates to travel and study. During his travels he met with whole mentals of tribe and studied non single philosophical system just now geometry, astronomy, and ghostly hearings.Socrates was extremely potent to Plato and he was the master(prenominal) character in numerous writings, he was as well make ford by Heraclitus, Parmenides, and the Pythagoreans. One of the most eventful goals Plato chasten for himself was to keep the retrospection of Socrates alive by recording and con vey about the kind of stupor that Socrates had on people. N aboriginal solely of Platos model takes the structure of dialogues in which Socrates is usu all(prenominal) toldy the main character. One of the goals of a Platos dialogue is to engross the reviewer in philosophical questions related to the ideas cosmos discussed.The Socrates of the Platonic dialogues is sculptural after the realistic Socrates but it is in part an unreal character utilize to impart Platonic themes. Platos dialogues atomic number 18 divided into leash groups, the early or Socratic dialogues the dialogues of nub age and the dialogues of old age. In the early dialogues, Socrates is the main character, but it is generally believed that Plato is expressing his own views. These atomic number 18 the besides remaining dialogues of Socrates teachings in that locationof they are referred to as the Socratic dialogues. In The Apology Socrates was accuse of having false gods and contaminating the yout h.While on trial Socrates chartered that he was innocent and was non at all wise, Men of Athens, I honor and passion you but I shall obey God rather than you, and magic spell I subscribe life and talent I shall neer cease from the perform and teaching of prepare of legal opinion Understand that I shall never garble my ways, non plane if I expect to die umpteen times. (Plato 1984). Middle Dialogues During Platos shopping center full point he wrote the following, Meno, Republic, Euthydemus, Menexenus, Cratylus, Phaedrus, Symposium and Phaedo. The most all important(p) end between these writings and his earlier plant is that he is establishing his own voice in school of estimation.In the Meno Plato introduces us to the Socratic idea that no one sleep togetheringly does wrong, rectitude is the desire of subjects estimable and the power of attaining them. Plato (1984). In the Phaedo we stick well-known(prenominal) with the platonic doctrine of the Forms thi s is where Plato makes a claim as to the immortality of the consciousness. Platos most powerful browse, The Republic, is part of the middle dialogues. It is a discussion of the virtues of justice, courage and wisdom. It addresses the question of how do creation approach nutriment a close life. The dialogue finishes by looking at various forms of organisation and describing the elevated state.The fiction of the Myth of the hollow is also in The Republic it is an important writing because it contains the main points of his ism. It is intended to be a fable for facts of life and it explains issues regarding the supposition of association. Plato believed one must(prenominal) explore the principle that a peachy reality exists. It is through this belief that a person batch gain greater insight into dependable(a) reality and be strike educated. Without it we are kindred the prisoners of a core out who barely run across the shadows of objects and live in complete darkness. And now, I express, let me show up in a figure how farther our nature is enlightened or unenlightened, recognizeHuman beings sustentation in an subsurface den (Plato 1927). It is only through philosophical system that we laughingstock come out of the cave into the true humans. Who is best accommodate to dominate the state lovers of scene or true philosophers? (Plato 1927) His final historic period at the academy he wrote the subsequently dialogues which included the Parmenides, Theatetus, Sophist, Statesmas, Timaeus, Critias, Philebus, and Laws. It should be noned that Socrates has a minor purpose in these writings. Plato examines his metaphysical theories through these dialogues. He discusses art, dance, music, poetry, drama, and ethics in connection to immortality and the mind.He also dedicates himself to the philosophy of mathematics, politics and religion. Plato argued that women were drug-addicted to play a role in politics and philosophy. In The Republic, Socrates argued that women were as heart-to-heart as men in sideline of accomplishments. There is a suggestion that women should be educated for their roles in the class of guardians and perchance playact adjoining to men. A chars role could be real in society, but divergent from a mans role. Even though Plato believed that women were necessary in a functional society, he did not mean he thought women were equals of men.Plato thought that women lacked the strength of men and that women were more suited for other responsibilities in life. If women are expect to do the akin work as men, we must teach them the same things. (Plato 1927) The impact of Platos work merchantmannot be measured or calculated. His writings had great act on the full(a) intellectual victimization of Western civilization. scorn the fact that Plato did not leave a well-formed, rigid philosophical system he is considered the father for all forms of philosophical noble-mindedness and dual ism.The object of education is to teach us to love what is beautiful. (Plato 1984). later on he died the honorary society continued until AD 529, when it was closed imputable to its pagan teachings. Neo-Platonism, founded by the 3rd- coke philosopher Plotinus, was an important ontogenesis of Platonism. It was a philosophical system which was as a compounding of Platonic, Pythagorean, and Aristotelian elements. earlier it was opposed to Christianity but later on it integrated it. It dominated European thought until the 13th century and re-emerged during the Renaissance.The most important Renaissance Neo-Platonist was Marsilio Ficino who veritable significant ideas from Plato and Neo-Platonism. Ficino founded of the honorary society in Firenze and was creditworthy for the circulation of Neo-Platonic ideas. Ficino is credited with translating all of Platos dialogues into Latin and produced a great work called Platonic Theology, in which he outlines Neo-Platonism. His philosophy i s based on the doctrine that the man soul is the center of the cosmos. It is the only thing that sits between the world of ideas and the world is the soul.Neo-Platonism was resuscitate in the seventeenth century by the Cambridge Platonists such as Cudworth and Smith. The school stressed the importance of reason, maintaining that credit and reason are not that different. Rene Descartes an eighteenth century philosopher and Neo-Platonist substantial a system to achieve truths. If something is not recognized by the intellect or reason can be sort out as fellowship. accord to Descartes. These truths are gained without any sensory scram (Descartes). He argued that as a outgrowth of his method, reason whole determined knowledge and that this could be through with(p) independently of the senses.Cogito ergo sum, I think on that pointfore I exist (Descartes) Plato authentic an absolutist honorable conjecture which is that there is a greater good toward which to aspire. He dev eloped this theory to respond to the perplexity and the beliefs of the Sophists who Plato felt did not preach wisdom, but rather their opinions. Plato tried to protect the part of reasoning in human life though he had resistance from the ancient Greek preachers know as the Sophists. They came from different cities and proclaimed that they were able to impart knowledge to young men how to live roaring lives.Even though the Sophists did not locomote to a school and did not have a universal creed, some opinions were normal of them as a group and were short conflicting to the views of Plato. The Sophists were great communicators and skilled public speakers. Plato felt that the Sophists were more likely to allurement to emotions rather than to reason. consort to Plato philosophers influence peoples souls not their bodies and Plato agreed with Socrates in thinking that the nurturing of the soul is more racy than the nurturing of the body.Furthermore, he also believed that true leadership need to have wisdom, and knowledge. Platos influence has been monumental as one philosopher said the history of philosophy is simply a series of footnotes to Plato. (Whitehead) Platos has been criticized down through the centuries for his philosophy of the forms. His ideas of the just life and an ideal state are complex. Plato tended to specifically ignores very much of human nature. Plato did not think in the realm of the physical world, he was unceasingly looking to a different one where things exist only if he can prove there existence.References Kraut, R. (2009, Sept) Plato Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/plato Plato. (1984) bulky dialogues of Plato New York mentor Books trans. by genus Benzoin Jowett Blackburn, S. (1945) The republic of Plato. (45 ed. ). capital of the United Kingdom Oxford University Press, USA. trans. By Desmond lee(prenominal) Descartes. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved fro m http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/descartes-works Alfred labor union Whitehead. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/milium/

Comparing Coca-Cola Enterprise and Pepsi Co. Financial Management Research Paper

Comparing Coca-Cola Enterprise and Pepsi Co. Financial Management - Research Paper ExampleThey ar equally Copernican for all, Management, Owners and prospective Investors. The first thing that attracts investors to a Company is its profitability and what the investors will get in return of their investment, as profit whether distributed or not is positiveness measures are important to telephoner managers and owners alike. If an entity has to attract investors , the owners have to show some attractive profits to lure them into investing and for that the profitability ratios are the key.Companys overall efficiency and per counterfeitance is shown by the profitability ratios and one can easily compare financial information available for two or tether companies to ensure the worth of each after making and investment.Financial Ratios used to determine the satisfaction of a Companys StockholdersThe Return on fair-mindedness is an important ratio as it calculates the companys earnings performance and tells the shareholders how much are they getting on every $1 of their investment (as capital) do in the company. This ratio explains the shareholders how effectively their money is being employed and getting the profits for the company each period. Shareholders, on comparing the ratios with similar companies or manufacture as a whole, can get the satisfaction or dissatisfaction that their monies are utilized properly and getting the desired results or not. However, it should be kept in mind while making the comparisons that there are variations in this ratio among some types of businesses. The Dividend Payout Ratio, as the shareholders are always looking for the return, not in form of figures in the financial statements but also in their hands as ready cash. This ratio indicates the dividend a company pays to its common shareholders on every $1 net profit it earns. That is how much of the profit is distributed by the company to its shareholders as return and how m uch is retained. And no matter how forward looking the shareholders are they are always looking for some materialistic return and dividend is one of those things that satisfy the shareholders the most. Guidelines to invest in one of those companies The debt ratio gives an idea how much the Company is obligated(predicate) as compared to the assets it held. That is the amount of total liability per $1 of its total assets. The more the debts are the more riskier is the company and its operations to invest in as its shows that the company is not able to pay its debts from the assets it holds if all the amount is called currently. Further it also indicates that in case of liquidation the shareholders equity would be utilized and the owners share in the assets will be reduced or nullified. Comparing Coca-Cola Enterprise and Pepsi Co, in this regard Coca-Cola Enterprise is less risky because of its 0.946 debt ratio as compared to Pepsi Cos 0.562. The Current Ratio highlights the liquidity of the company, higher the current ratio means more liquid the company is and that the company

The United Nations mission in Cyprus was initiated by the global Essay

The join Nations explosive charge in Cyprus was initiated by the global community - Essay ExampleUNFICYP was ab initio developed by the Security Council in 1964 to avoid further hostility between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot population1. After the conflicts of 1974, the Council commanded the Force to fly the coop certain supplementary functions. Without a political agreement to the Cyprus problem, UNFICYP has stayed on the island to supervise armistice lines, preserve a buffer zone, embark on humanitarian activities as well as sustain the proper offices mission of the Secretary-General.Subsequent to the 1974 Greek Cypriot overthrow and the Turkish offensive of Cyprus, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) expanded and blown-up the mission to avert the dispute spinning into war, and UNFICYP was dispatched to patrol the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus and support in the maintenance of the armed status quo. Since its founding, the host has further worked in conj unction with the special envoy of the Secretary-General and diplomats of the two communities to inquire about an amicable discreet solution to the Cyprus row. Primarily, UNFICYP consisted of armed and civilian groups drawn from Finland, Sweden, Australia, Ireland, United Kingdom and Canada, though over its long history the force has been the theme of various UNSC declarations and restructurings, and currently encompasses contingents from Hungary, Croatia, Argentina, Peru, Italy, Australia, Slovakia, Montenegro, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, El Salvador Netherlands, India, Canada, Ireland, United Kingdom, and Ukraine.This paper evaluates the Cyprus problem from the perspective of the UN mission and its mandate on the island. At the heart of the discussion is the argument that the UN mission in Cyprus was initiated by the global community as a way of resolution the problem. In essence, the increasing hostility between the two warring communities - Greek and Turkish Cypriots- after ind ependence in the 1960 was escalating, and the

Description of Child Activities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Description of Child Activities - Assignment ExampleDuring the Grocery shop class activity, he comes up to me, waves his hand and says, Hi. I immediately respond with a Hi, and say, Finn, would you like to be a shopper for your grocery, or manage the cash register today? He replies, Yes, I wish to be a shopper, and goes on to be actively involved in the activity from beginning till end. Finns involvement was a treat to suss outWhile shopping at the Grocery Store, Leyanna drops her shopping basket on the floor. She repeatedly exclaims, Oh no, its modest Hearing this, I ask her What happened, Leyanna? She replies, I dropped my basket and its broken. I ask her, Do you need my help, Leyanna? She says, Yes I notice that the handle is not broken, merely detached. I prompt her gently with questions Would you show me where it is broken? Lets fix it together. I wonder whether there is a hole for us to put the handles into? She indicates the hole and exclaims, Here, I found it Leyanna ins erts the handles in manoeuvre and resumes her shoppingIt is a treat to see Dawson, who is usually content to be a silent observer of classroom happenings, enthusiastically take on the intent of the cashier and shopper at the Grocery Store. Following up on this interest, I encourage Dawson to interchange the roles of shopper and cashier in the subsequent Revisit the Grocery Store Activity which he does with great exuberanceI move the Aluminum Climbing-Monkey Bar from its usual position to the left in order to provide entrance money to the Pulling Rope. I first see that the area under the equipment, and the corner of the stairway, are covered with sufficient soft mats to ensure the childrens safety.

Drunk Drivers Should Have Their License Revoked Essay

Drunk Drivers Should Have Their License Revoked - Essay Example nearly of the drivers who cause accidents because of driving under the deflect of alcoholic drink do not get the punishments that they deserve. In most cases, they acquit their licenses suspended for a few weeks and have to pay a fin. In some cases, they do not flush get their licenses suspended. This means that they be legally allowed to go out and drive again. This increases the scene that they will repeat the soten driving execration. It is interesting to note that most of those who cause accidents while driving drunk have previously committed the offense. The single way to ensure that people who have been found to be driving under the influence do not repeat the offense is revoke their licenses stablely. The permanent revocation of the license is punishments that will make people void committing the offense, as they do not want to lose their licenses. driving force while under the influence of alcohol is a choice that the driver makes, and it is a choice that puts him and other people at the risk of injury or of death. As such, it is necessary to rocky penalties to be imposed on those found to be guilty of the offense. The harsh consequences of the action should not have to wait until a person has committed the offense repeatedly. A penalty as strict as the revocation of a license is enough to make people avoid committing the offense. It therefore acts as a deterrent measure (Ross and Gonzales 380). ... The permanent revocation of the license is punishments that will make people avoid committing the offense, as they do not want to lose their licenses. Driving while under the influence of alcohol is a choice that the driver makes, and it is a choice that puts him and other people at the risk of injury or of death. As such, it is necessary to harsh penalties to be imposed on those found to be guilty of the offense. The harsh consequences of the action should not have to wait until a person has committed the offense repeatedly. A penalty as strict as the revocation of a license is enough to make people avoid committing the offense. It therefore acts as a deterrent measure (Ross and Gonzales 380). Another reason as to why people found to be driving while having alcohol levels that exceed the legal limits should have their licenses revoked is that suspension of licenses has not been found to work. The temporary suspension of licenses does not achieve the intended purpose as most drivers run into it too lenient and are therefore likely to repeat the offense. The permanent revocation of the license is a stricter penalty and will deter people from drunk driving. If one is allowed to have their license after driving under the influence of alcohol, it is likely that they will cause an accident that may lead to the loss of life. some people argue that permanent revocation of a license will not work as people may still drive even without the license. It is also argued that despite the strict penalties for drunken driving people still drink and drive. This assertion is however incorrect as it has been seen that penalties for drunken driving are

Is there a trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in Essay

Is there a trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in higher rearing If so, what is the appropriate way to balan - Essay ExampleDuring this educational course, students are capable to explore their own selected area and effectively focus on four thematic areas such as policy, change, leadership and community diversity (The Trustees of Boston College, 2012). The department of Educational Leadership and Higher Education provides Masters as well as doctoral programs for the applying students. The core objective of this department is to provide education to the students for leadership position. Moreover, this department also provides graduate level professional as well as hallmark programs. In this regard, the professional program provides education to the individuals regarding administrative position at the college as well as university level. While on the other hand, certification program in educational leadership provides education to the students regarding the manager ial position (Saint Louis University, 2012). Trade-Off is considered as a situation that implies foregoing on quality of something in pass along of gaining another quality. The basis objective of this paper is to demine the trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in higher education. Trade-Off between Innovation and ordinance Quality in Higher Education The term innovation is considered as an initiation related to new ideas, thoughts, devices or methods. In the present context, higher education facilities are continuously evolving across the globe. In terms of innovation regarding educational curriculum activities are concerned, an instance can be witnessed of Western Governors University at the unite Kingdom which easily is focusing on bring about certain innovation in their educational system. Contextually, innovation regarding curriculum activities and development program assists this university to fit the educational ensamples at higher level. They expected tha t by initiation of innovation, they would facilitate effective educational facilities and also attract a wide fare of students (Trane, 2012). At present, a majority of post graduate educational institutions and higher educational level universities are bringing about a lot of innovative changes regarding educational system. By taking into consideration regarding the Australian higher education system, certain arguments were presented by the Bradley Review of Higher Education in the year 2008. This educational standard reviewing authority demonstrated certain obvious changes about the existing educational systems such as setting of easy access regarding online education, certain regulatory aspects of educational procedures along with enhancing the quality of academic lectures. Since the year 1970, Australian government has encouraged several universities to critically evaluate their educational performance. In the year 1980, this evaluation was considerably accepted in order to impr ove the efficiency as well as effectiveness of educational program. In the last few decades, there has been a considerable turmoil regarding bringing in innovative changes in the education system which was quite difficult to carry out for the various universities (Varis, 2007). A number of colleges and universities in recent times are facing a diverse set of challenges in terms of ensuring quality of higher education along with incorporating sustained regulation. These challenges relate in

Hannah Hoch and the Dada Art Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hannah Hoch and the Dada Art Movement - Essay ExampleThe creation of collages was not long in following and became a mainstay of the Dadaist movement, particularly as it evolved into the concept of photomontage. Artists during this period struggled against the concept that art created enlivenual values and frequently used the products of their creative spirit to protest against the First World War. Beginning in France in about 1916, the movements progress and development can be seen in setting with the Great War, which started in 1914 and was waged for four years. While this artistic movement didnt start until two years after the war began, about when the populace, artists among them, was beginning to purport the pressure of constant warlike states, it also persisted for a few years after it ended as the populace, again with artists among them, became reconciled to the new ground govern thus established. The development of this movement is most frequently associated with artists such as Raoul Hausmann, Kurt Schwitters and Marcel Duchamp, among other male artists, but less well known is the as contributive Hannah Hoch. This investigation into the Dada Movement will, therefore, focus upon Hochs contributions to the movement and her artwork as representative of it.The foundation of the Dada Movement is actually attributed to artists in Zurich, Switzerland and in New York, America. It is described in the Merriam-Websters Encyclopedia of Literature as a nihilistic movement in the arts that was based on the principles of deliberate irrationality, anarchy, and cynicism and the rejection of laws of beauty and social organization (cited in Buell, 1998). The name of the movement was arrived at with the same lack of reverence as the movement itself, reportedly arrived at by chance and retained because of its childlike associations. One of its chief goals was to undermine the rational and civilized standards then in place in the art world by exploring the icons of t he old world, placing them in new contexts so as to expose a lack of inherent meaning in the work.

Comparative Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Comparative Design - Essay Exampleenefits spread over three categories affecting customers work and users, the service design program, as well as the entire institution involved in the design project. A product of 1946, the classic and styling oven has cooking efficiency. A classic cooker limited secures ovens from Rayburn in the UK. The cookers are reliable with new options still applicable to date. Currently, the supplier undertakes reconditioning duties and installs new parts fully. In a style that lettuce Newson adopted, Rayburn ovens of 1946 have attractive colours running on smooth lines. The design developed a classic design blending precisely with various styles those chores in the kitchen demand. It cuts across from traditional through to modern aspects. The oven comes out in various designs and sizes that clients can choose from guided by their needs. Surprisingly, a Rayburn oven carries more responsibilities besides universe a cooker. The oven is extremely resourceful.T he Rayburn oven developed in 1946 is sustainable as well as self-sufficient. Mark Newson introduced extraordinary creativity constituting one of the most exciting designs in the world. He applied the creativity in developing domestic appliances such as ovens. Mark Newson is the established designer at Smeg products whose work is comparable to moral force artworks. He represents the essence of the philosophy at Smeg. At Smeg, employees believe in technology with style. The style applied by Newson in designing his ovens comes through the quiet lines applicable in environmental friendly manner. Differentiated use of colour and energetic application characterises ovens designed by Mark Newson. Surfaces are stainless leaf blade products or have glassy features. Ovens are available in prolific FP610.The ovens come in a spectacular ray of colours. The colours range from vacuous and black finishes, stainless steel through to bright shades of yellow, blue, as well as green. Mark Newson, t he designer, often has a special way of having

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Cultural Anthropology - Essay ExampleOn the one hand, there is statute preventing the manual removal of human excrement. On the other hand, the Indian government is itself employing the Dalits to perform these much outlawed tasks. This expresses a strange duality in the alive system at all levels.When compared to the West, this tends to resemble parts of the Jim Crow regime where newly freed slaves were treated just as bad or worse. It was not preposterous for slaves to perform tasks of the same gruesome nature that are depicted in the Dalit video. Even after the slaves were freed, their socio-economic circumstances forced them to carry out the same tasks in order to fend for themselves.Another major concern exposed by the video is the hypocritical nature of the legal system when it comes to the rights of Dalits. Those in power to estimation the high caste Brahmins and the like against the poor and defenseless Dalits. This in turn has skewed the legal system to such an extent tha t it is hardly recognizable as a system to deliver justice. The brutal murders and rapes of Dalit men and women in the twenty first century are without parallel in the West. It could be argued that the West has seen its medium share of brutality during the age of slavery but this is more than over in the current age. There is hardly any trace of brutality industrious through institutional means against any specific section of the society in the West in the modern day.The last traces of social exclusion in the West date back to just before the Civil Rights Movement in the sixties. Under the social exclusion regime enforced in authentic states, people of African American descent were not allowed into certain public areas such as restaurants. In addition, it was generally the discretion of a business possessor if they wanted to serve African Americans or not. It was common to see signs in many shop windows telling African Americans to stay out. These problems were compounded by

Investor Psychology and Return Predictability Essay

Investor Psychology and Return Predictability - Essay ExampleTo do so, we start with a traditional continual relative risk aversion utility function. This type of utility function is a standard criterion for choices under uncertainty. This function is expanded in a Taylor approximation up to the stern order. The early two moments correspond to mean and variance.The third and fourth moment correspond to a directional measure of affirmative events and to a symmetric measure respectively. A negative third moment indicates that there are more extreme negative realizations than there are positive geniuss. The fourth moment measures how the tails of the return distribution compare with the tails of the Gaussian distribution. From a technical point of view, in our paper, a numerical optimisation takes place where the allocation involves higher moments. More pronounced results expected in the case one consider portfolios of individual stocks. Our findings are the followinga) When an i nvestor may deal his wealth to the indices and to the risk-free asset, then the weights corresponding to the risky assets are essentially unaffected by the introduction of a concern for the third or fourth moments.c) As the third moment comes to play a role, Asia (except Japan) gets less weighted because it contains large negative returns, whereas the importance of Japan is increased. The strong weighting of Japan comes from the point that the Japanese returns contain several very large positive outliers generating a positive third moment. The implication of this research is that the traditional utility functions or expansions thereof may not sufficiently weigh realizations of extreme nature. This brings up the question how to adapt a utility function so that more weight is devoted to extreme realizations. A further question is how the allocation would change in a conditional setting, or with individual stocks rather than with portfolios, since in such circumstances, one may expe ct that higher moments take larger values than in the present setting. These questions are left for future research.AbstractInvestment strategy is the first issue that investors should consider. At the outset, investing is an act of faith, a willingness to postpone present consumption and save for the future. Investing for the long term is central to the achievement of optimal returns by investors. Unfortunately, the principle of investing for the long term-eschewing funds with high turnover portfolios and holding shares in soundly managed funds as investments for a lifetime- is honoured more in the breach than in the observance by most mutual fund managers and shareholders. This proposition for investors psychology affect the return predictability can be shown to be incisively true in several popular mathematical models of the portfolio decision. If returns are independent over time, then the mean and variance of continuously compounded returns rises in equilibrium to the horizo n The

State Involvement in Higher Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

State Involvement in Higher Education - Essay ExampleIn this paper arguments against and in favour of state involvement would be thoroughly analyzed. Appropriate theoretical frameworks like market failure, public expenditure and government failure will be include in the first section of the try in order to support argumentative discussion. The theories on public finance management would be adequate to(p) to highlight the importance of governmental intervention in higher education. Public expenditure in educational system of various countries shall also be included within this particular study. Empirical data from different countries such as Europe, Asian countries and United States will also be encompassed in the essay. As the essay declares UK government to certain extent is actively involved in enhancing higher educational system of the country. The level of performance and importance of UK government will be analyzed with the support of public finance management theories. These ideas would be associated with government failure and market failure concepts. A higher educational system whoremaster only perform appropriately when it is supplied with essential resources. These resources are either provided by private sector or by government. Educational system being in all dependent on market, results into a risky scenario in future years. The future trends along with present scenario of state level educational expenditure management shall be evaluated in this study.

Caree Action plan And self reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

C atomic number 18e Action plan And self reflection - Essay ExampleAt this present day, when meshwork marketing is considered a necessity, not an advantage it is considered the basic requirement of marketing exposeline and a source of introducing a company worldwide. The key competency need to be a marketer is to be the generator of ideas step forward of the limitations. Individuals with skills and knowledge are valuable and appreciated in the company. Marketing is the idea of reaching out the customers worldwide with better strategies (Pride, 2006).As a marketer of this modern era, marketers have to think out of the boxes and limitations. Marketing is all about creativity. A different strategy for a new product or service tin attain greater attention from valuable customers. A good marketing strategy can play an incredible role in achieving a positive image in the eyes of the customer (Hoffman & Bateson, 2010). It is the point where the marketer is considered to have brillianc e in his sector of a line of business. To be specific, marketing is all about creating a valuable and positive image in the mind of potential customers.After graduating from school with specializing in marketing, students are considered to be creative. They are required to have enough potential to think and create new techniques of marketing by thinking out of the box and limitations. To be able to think out of the limitations, one needs to be attentive to the surroundings. It is necessary for the marketer to be the best communicator as the job requires customer dealing (Fill, 2002). A marketer should possess good communication skills either verbally or non-verbally. On the other side, a marketer should be able to understand gestures of customer (Ang, 2014).Information Technology is playing a vital role in marketing sector as the potential customers are approached by using the internet. A marketer should possess wide knowledge of information technology. The competition is growing rapidly, and the companies require those who possess

The Travels of Marco Polo by Colin Thubron Essay

The Travels of Marco Polo by Colin Thubron - Essay ExampleThus, the author provides reliable information about the various aspects of the city and the descriptions are highly factual and realistic. There are important descriptions of many towns, castles, and villages and the readers are given factual descriptions about the people, the kings, and the currency in the city. At the end of three days, you r apiece the terrible and magnificent city of Quinsai, a name that signifies the celestial city, and which it merits from its pre eminence to all others in the world, in grandeur and beauty, as-well as from its abundant delights, which might go through inhabitants to imagine himself in paradise. In all seasons there is, in the markets, a great variety of herbs and fruits, especially pears of an extraordinary size Each of the 10 markets squares is touch by high dwelling houses, in the lower part which are shops, where every kind of manufacture is carried on, and ever pre-eminence tra de is sold, such as spices drugs trinkets and pearls... (Thubron, 209) Therefore, the appropriate provides great details about the various aspects of the city and the readers are able to gather some essential factual data regarding the cities of ancient China. Two other articles which deal with the great cities of ancient China are The Attractions of the Capital and Recollections of Northern Song Capital. A reflective analysis of these resources in comparison to each other provides an enlightening understanding of the great cities of ancient China.

Critical Review and Application in HP Company Essay

Critical Re suck in and Application in HP Company - Essay ExampleIn their efforts to diagnose an memorial tablet, diagnosticians view an geological formation as an open system that comprises of input, outputs as well as throughputs. Argyris (1970) argues that key the importance of organizational model includes understanding of an organizational behavior, interpretation of the information that relate to an organisation, interpretation of the data and provision of understandable language. This paper seeks to analyze unlike diagnoses models and determine the most appropriate model that makes HP Company to absorb a competitive edge in the technology industry. Force Field Analysis Force Field Analysis was developed by Kurt Lewin with an aim of analyzing and managing problems that faces an organisation. check to this model, there exist forces that stimulate changes within a firm and restraining forces such as poor morale and limited resources that acts as obstacles to change. To unde rstand the problems that face a company, the management must first identify and define the restricting and driving forces. This is followed by planning the goals that are effective in pushing the equilibrium of an organisation towards achieving the desired goals. According to Beer and Spector (1993), one of the major objectives of the Force Field Analysis is to achieve a state of equilibrium by eliminating the restraining forces as well as by adding the appropriate driving forces. Being based upon the change process, Force Field Analysis assumes that within a dynamic company the changes occur simultaneously. Leavitts ensample Leavitts Model was developed in 1965 by Lewin. Being a simple model that is appropriate to deal with problems that face organisations, Leavitts Model specify various models that a firm can adopt rather than the driving forces that are adopted by the Force Field Analysis. Major variables emulated by Leavitts Model include human variables, task variables, techno logical variables and structure variables. Bollen and Long (1993) stipulates that key aspects that make up the structure variable include discourse system, work flow within a firm as well as authority systems. According to this model, effective collaboration of all the systems within an organization is a vital aspect that ensures all the problems facing an organisation are effectively addressed. This model depicts that the major technological variables includes the machinery and equipments used by the task variable. On the other hand, task variables include all the activities and subtasks adopted during the provision of goods and services. Human variables encompass all the human resources that are involved during in undertaking various activities in order to achieve the organizational objectives (Emery and Trist, 1965). According to Leavitts Models, the interdependence of all the variables is imperative to achieve the desired change. This means that a change in one of the variables generate an impact on the entire model. For instance, if a new technology is introduced in an organisation, the quality of the products and services that make up the task variables is improved. In the same way, human resources allow be motivated due to the improved communication within and outside the organisation. Basically, any improvement in the technology will positively impact on the ent

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Research Paper

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations - Research Paper ExampleIn this scenario, Mei-Lin is the hiring manager of a new construction company called Surebuild Inc. This commode has advertised a position of jackhammer operator, and Mei-Lin is facing a challenge of determining the best applicant fit for the job. She wants to treat each applicant equally, and come up the most qualified under the Equal Employment Opportunity Act (Steingold, 2011). In the United States, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is charged with the concern of enforcing federal laws, which make it illegal to discriminate against an employee or job applicant due to an individuals religion, race, age, sex, color, race, genetic information and disability (Steingold, 2011). ...Michelle is a 35-year-old extravagantly school graduate. She has experience in operating jackhammer, although she is currently pregnant. Mei-Lin cannot choose to discriminate against Michelle just because she is pregnant. She is , therefore, a legitimate applicant for the job. Nick is a 23-year-old college graduate, but with no experience in operating jackhammer. He has epilepsy, and this cannot prevent him from getting this job. This is because the federal law states that no applicant or employee should be discriminated against because of disability (Meiners & Ringleb, 2011). Felipe, who is the final applicant, is 38 years old without a high school diploma, and she does not speak English. She can be dismissed on the grounds that she does not have a high school diploma. The hiring manager can, therefore, choose either Nick or Michelle as the best applicants for the jackhammer operator position. Restaurant/Bar Business kickoff up a sports shut out and restaurant leave behind be a difficult task for both Jose and Lou. This is because they do not have enough capital, and they will consider bringing in Miriam to provide the finances. This business will, therefore, be formed under the Partnership Agreement Ac t. In this scenario, Jose, Lou, and Miriam will be partners in the sports bar and restaurant, however, day-to-day running of the business will be done by Jose and Lou only. In this partnership agreement, Miriam will only contribute capital in come down for a profit. All the partners will have liability and share loses because each of them has something to lose. Most of loses will be directed to Jose and Lou because both of them are responsible for the daily running of the business. Opening sports bar and restaurant business require food and liquor licenses.

Extended Trial Balance Essay Example for Free

Extended Trial Balance EssayThe extended trial balance works in very much the same way as the trial balance except that there are a few adjustments to make after which you offer then separate out the entries that belong to the balance sheet and which belong to the income statement.The extended trial balance is used for making adjustments to the accounts at the end of an account period. The reason for this is because of the matching principle of accounting, where revenues are matched with expenses in the accounting period in which they were incurred adjusting entries need to be made. These adjusting entries account for such things as expenses that have been incurred simply not yet paid, revenues that have been earned but not yet recorded, and depreciation on equipment.Using the extended trial balance also ensures that the secure double entry method is used correctly to each adjustment without having the wait for the adjustments to be written into the ledgerExample of extendedT he picture shows that caller-out have made a profit of $3,500 and also the document is ready for the end of the accounting period. However, if the columns above did not equal, the company would have to look to probe what error has been made.In the picture you can exit extended trial balance with the adjustments and extended figures made and the totals of the columns show to agree. If you are an accountant and you will be using this extended trial balance, you will be able to calculate whether the company has made profit or a loss.From this picture, you can also see that the accountant set up extended trial balance and added the adjustments which included salaries expenses, accounts receivable and revenue. When the adjustments were made the total for each pair of columns (debit and credit) should equal each other which have shown to be true in the table.

Homelessness in Raleigh, North Carolina Essay Example for Free

Homelessness in capital of North Carolina, North Carolina EssayThis paper presented the subculture of homeless concourse in Raleigh City, North Carolina. The paper focused on describing the wellness problems and issues being experienced by the homeless people in Raleigh. It also enumerated the assorted wellness care systems available in the city that provide health services to homeless individuals, as well as the different organizations built to address the needs, health and housing concerns of the homeless people in the city of Raleigh. Moreover, the researcher also attempted to describe an ideal health care system practices and services that should be made available for homeless individuals and for the whole community. Homelessness in Raleigh, North CarolinaHomelessness is a state and social condition wherein an individual or group of individuals cannot afford to let a house or shelter. Some sociologists associated homelessness with augmented risks of mortality or simply th e inevitable increase of commonwealth. However, other sociologists identify homelessness to be a implication of socio-economically deprived populations. Whatever the cause of homelessness is, the fact remains that homelessness is becoming a drab problem all over the world. It is estimated that more than 100 million people worldwide are homeless, of which 20 million to 40 million are adrift in major urban centers (Habitat International Coalition HIC, 2005).Homelessness is one of the serious problems in Raleigh, capital of North Carolina. Although Raleigh is a capital city, a number of residents here are facing the problem of poverty, unemployment, health problem, and homelessness. This has led whatever people to build different organizations and health care centers which aim to resolve the mentioned problems. There are also several health care services conventional to manage the health problems in the community. This paper will dwell on the subculture of homeless people in Raleig h, North Carolina and on the diversity in health care organizations being provided for the community.The Community Profile of RaleighRaleigh is the capital city of North Carolina with an estimated population of 341,891 of which 49.7% are male and 50.3% are female. Raleigh population is dominated by mostly working-aged adults with 77.6% of its residents aged between 18 to 64 years, 7.5% under age 5, and 7.8% aged 65 years and over. There are different races inhabiting the city wherein 60.4% are White American, 28.2% are African American, 0.4% are American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.8% are Asian, and the rest of the other races not mentioned. The total family household is 136,993 with a median income of $51,647 in 2007. Of the population 273,453 (16 years old and over), 179,896 are employed in industry and civilian labor while 10,738 are unemployed (US number Bureau, 2007).Raleigh is governed by a city mayor, a city council and a city manager with a budget of $557,055,589 in 2006-20 07 wherein municipal service speak to is at $200,000. As for social services Raleigh has three hospitals, seven police stations, 27 fire stations, one library, and six universities. As for recreational establishment, Raleigh has 117 city put, 22 staffed centers, nine non-staffed program centers, two craft centers, 112 tennis courts at 25 different locations, eight public swimming pools, and 8,817 acres of parks and greenways (City of Raleigh Website, 2009).For the past decade, Raleigh had developed as center for education, research and development in North Carolina. Moreover, cultural activity flourishes in the city, for it houses theaters, symphony orchestra, art museums, galleries, and other entertainment and recreational enterprises (Community Link, 2009).

The poems nothings changed Essay Example for Free

The poems nothings changed EssayIn stanza three the main focal point is on the inn. Afrika sees the inn as if it is showing off, forward with glass this could mean that it is being rubbed in the fact he cant commit anything that extravagant. He alike gives the impression that it wants to be noticed, name flaring give care flag, he uses personification to show how much it stands out, he also uses alliteration to make it catchy and so we will remember it. It could also be utilize the flag reference to compare it to their nation, and that it is being represented by what the government want other people to see, not what is actually going on.He is great(p) the inn a personality, it squats this is contradicting the previous statements, with the use of personification it is almost as if the inn is embarrassed about having these features. The inn is upper-class, In the grass and the weeds, incipient sort Jackson trees it is also out of place, as the port Jackson trees are expensi ve and imported, how ever district six is made up of weeds. The inn also only lets white people in, whites only inn although this was illegal after apartheid had ended, he uses a pun here as in only whites allowed in, and it is a whites only, inn.In the beginning of verse four he says no sign says it is but we know where we belong this makes the reader empathise with him, at this point at that place is know apartheid but he still know that the can not mix. When he looks in on the continueaurant there is a contrast with the rest of district six, crushed ice white glasses, linen falls, the single rose there are many luxuries here, it is almost snobbism , while every where else has to clean bewitch by.This again makes you feel sympathetic towards him. In verse five the working mans cafi has a huge contrast to the restaurant, working mans cafi sells bunny chows bunny chow is a cheap African food, this is totally unlike the haute cuisine in the white restaurant, which is an upmarket food. He also has no plate to eat on, eat it at a plastic t competent top he does not have linen falls or a rose there is a defined contrast between them.I think that there is a difference in between because the white have more money and privileges than the blacks also if the blacks did have an inn like that they would not be able to afford it. The writer is trying to put across the point that it is unfair that they should have more than them, just because they are white. In the final verse he feels small, boy again he feels insignificant, and he knows he can not change anything.He feels the indispensableness to use violence to get his point across Hands burn for a stone, a bomb this could insinuate that he want to be able to be heard. He wants to kerfuffle the glass, shiver down the glass the glass could be thought to be a barrier between blacks and whites, and he wants to break it down as if he were breaking down the wall of apartheid. The use of glass for the wall of apartheid could mean that it is fragile. The last line is nothings changed which is the first line, this could be construe as a circle, and that apartheid will never end.

The Definition Of Downsizing Management Essay

The Definition Of D ingestsizing Management EssayGiven the issues relating to this research field argon introduced and research objectives atomic number 18 in like manner be proposed carefully in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the researcher would like to continuous introduces the concepts, definitions and theories relevant to the issues that already mentioned in Chapter 1, done that, Chapter 2 provide provide and defecate research hypothesis for research. Basically, Chapter 2 includes the main parts as follows (1) The definition of curtailment, (2) The definition of Survivors Syndrome, (3) The research hypothesis (4) Chapter summary.Definition of DownsizingIn the economic mount of continuous competitive, developing, changing and unpredictable, make-ups hold placeing severe downturns in their business or facing demandingies, curtailment strategy is being used by many a nonher(prenominal) makeups in every industries and sectors with different goals and visions. There is not a single downsize definition accepted by all researchers (Davis, Savage, Steward Chapman, 2003). There are many different definitions or under liveing about downsizing, for example Cameron, (1994194) defines downsizing as a positive strategy which do as a purpose of plaques a set of organisational activities undertaken on the part of management of an organization and designed to improve organizational efficiency, productivity, and/or competitiveness. In another the way, downsizing is not something closely(p) happen to the organization, it is something that the organization knows and act purposively. Downsizing is whitethorn be implemented as a defensive reaction to decline or as a proactive strategy to enhance organizational capital punishment (Kim S Cameron, 1994). Many organizations for a long time that no longer considered downsizing as a situation solution in the hard time period, provided they considered downsizing as an effective strategy to reduce costs, human focus, g ive stock opportunities, change magnitude production line challenge and promotion. The expenditure cost muckle be cut effectively due to better full termination making and effective human choice controlling if the organization merchant ship maintain the right sized of company. It develops a culture of plump where employees can ca-ca opportunities for growth, they can easily participate and thing in making decision. Moreover, employees easily ol work outy modality be part of organization that they should better participate with more than collaboration, fidelity, and accuracy. According to Mishra and Spreitzer (1998) defines downsizing has become the strategy successful by many organizations attempting to cope with fundamental, structural changes in the world economy. Downsizing as a deliberate reducing in size or complexness of a firms activities intended to improve the profit magnate, productivity, and/or competitiveness of the firms continuing operations(Legatski II, 1998). exclusively in conclusion, just about researches have defined downsizing as any simplification in the size of the organization (e.g. Budros, 1999 Cascio, 1993 Freeman Cameron, 1993 Kozlowski, Chao, Smith Hedlund, 1993). Downsizing, in general, refers to the reduction of work for certain organization. For employees, downsizing is considered as a management weapon to carry out greater control over the workforce. To management, it is a strategic measure to bring optimized operation efficiency and productivity in organization. Cameron and colleagues (e.g. Cameron et all., 1991, 1993 Cameron, 1994b) have identified three organizational strategies to achieve downsizing workforce reduction strategy, work redesign and systematic change. The first strategy is workforce reduction is typically a short- enclosure strategy, which alone focuses on reducing organizations headcount. In a confirmatory study, Mishra and Mishra (1994) found that much(prenominal) strategy might star t to mischief in measured organizational qualification or minus outcome of those who anticipates. Human resource is essential and is a agent that makes the decision for the study of organizations. Lack of human resource go forth increase workload, anxiety about losing their patronages at any time, and these feeling leads to jeopardy mental, these are reasons that cause labor productivity reduced. Work reduction is applied by organizations through some programs such as attrition, early retirement or voluntary severance packages, lay get throughs and terminations. The second and third strategies are work redesign and systematic change strategies. While work reductions resulted is lead to reduction, rather than improvement, the work redesign and systematic change are positively related to organizational performance in term of some(prenominal) cost reduction and quality improvement (Cameron et all.,1993 Mishra and Mishra, 1994) and to survivors (people who remains) of downs izing having a positive learning orientation (Farrell and Mavando, 2004).Many previous researches indicated that the use of workforce reduction is change magnitude and become popular despite the harmful impacts may arise for organization. Workforce reduction or simply called workforce downsizing is becoming the most popular strategy and a plethora of workforce reduction strategies for downsizing of employees has been proposed (e.g. Greenhalgh et al., 1988 Gutchess, 1985 Leana Feldman, 1992 Price, 1990). Whenever reduce equipments, machines organizations can find out the outcome and its impact through ingenuous calculations, but in workforce downsizing, the emotions, loyalty, and human effort cannot simply calculate. In an organizational context, employees not only contribute their individual skills and knowledge, they in addition collaborate and conflate their separate skills toward creating firm capabilities. As such, both human and social capital-and thitherfore the commitme nt and the loyalty of employees-play an all-important(prenominal) role in dictating a firms capacity to create competitive advantage. Reducing headcount may lead to immediate labor cost savings, but it can also seriously erode employee commitment and loyalty, with negative consequences for firm competitiveness and performance.So the questions are what the impacts of workforce downsizing to organizations are, how it effects, and what the advantage and disadvantage of the impact are? Some researches indicated the opinion that organizational downsizing may create better productivity or better performance for organization while, others indicate downsizing may create negative impact or little terror to human resource, break of existed organization culture. Downsizing has been defined as an attempt to increase organizational effectiveness(Kozlowsky, et. al. 1993). Freeman Cameron (1993) and Tomasco (1990) from their finding indicated that organization downsizing created some benefits t o organization such as faster decision making, more flexibilities, and increase in productivity. Cascio (199397) suggested that proponents of downsizing generally expect the following benefits lower overheads, less bureaucracy, faster decision making, smoother communications, greater entrepreneurship and increases in productivity. Downsizing can suggest to financial markets or government funding agencies that an organization is cutting costs and reducing waste, which may increase availability of capital for subsequent activities (Cascio, 1993 Dial Murphy, 1995 Palmon, Sun Tang, 1997. Downsizing for some individuals is also a chance to demonstrate the capacity himself, or an hazard for career development. The people who still remain with organization will be the one who give the most effort for the development of organization, if they can prove themselves at this time, success may comes to their organization and will come to them as well.However, in contrast with the benefits that downsizing may bring, many other previous studies indicate their powerfully disagree with those arguments. Downsizing may provide a decrease in operating expenses in the near term, but the long term impacts may not be so positive (Difrances, 2002). Downsizing can lead to a loss of knowledge and experience base because of some laid off will be the people who worked for a long time with organization, old people, who may not have a fast and efficient action in work like young people, but they have extensive knowledge, experiences that young people learn in short time, loss available mentors for existing and new employees, loss of corporate culture, and downsizing can have direct impaction to the customers such as loss of established customer service and middlemans.Therefore, whenever workforce downsizing is elect by organizations in hard time or pacifist(prenominal) time, on that point is definite and obvious impact good or bad on organizations. But in all the affected elements, th e human factor is probably the most affected element. Human capital (i.e., the knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees) is one of the primary factors a business can rely on to differentiate their products or services and build a competitive advantage (Hargis Bradley, 2011). Human resource is one of the 5Ms (Man, Money, Machine, Method, and Material) of management process of production they are five input resources for any businesses. (http//www.setpointusa.com/blog/lean-manufacturing-5-ms/). Even when the world economy is continuous developing, many modern machines are developed and can someway a part replace human resource, but no organization can flourish without human resource. Human resource is a decisive factor that can determine the working of remaining four factors, people is the one who ensure flexible operation of machine, the reasonable use of material as well as appropriate use of money and method, all these actions will help the organization achieve their goals. During crisis situation as well as in the peaceful time, man or human resource is the only factor that helps businesses overcome or limit the adverse impact of crisis. Man is the most important Ms among five Ms, the right and stable number of human resource in appropriate jobs will enable the success beyond imagination of the organization. They are staffs of organization, they sanctified their soul to the development of organization, they are people who be laid off or people who well-disposed enough to keep their job. The individuals who lose their jobs (called victims) are seemingly the most affected by downsizing. Numerous researchers have focused on the impact of downsizing on workers whose employment is terminated due to reasons independent of job competence (Cappelli, 1992). These individuals are often known as the victims of downsizing due to research that documents the devastation of job loss, focusing on negative consequences in terms of psychological and physical well- being (e.g., Bennett, Martin, Bies, Brockner, 1995 Cappeili, 1992 Fallick, 1996 Leana Feldman, 1992). The real pains of downsizing cannot be minimized. Careers change, families struggle, and downsized victims suffer loss of prestige, income and security. While a few downsized individuals may be victims of their own past inefficiency, the vast number are those who have performed well and played by the rules but have become the victims of a changing economic environs.However, several(prenominal) researchers have analyzed those who remain in the downsized organization called survivors (e.g., Allen, Freeman, Russell, Reizenstein, Rentz, 2001 Appelbaum Donia, 2001 Brockner, 1988a 1992 1995 Brockner, Grover, OMalley, Reed, Glynn, 1993 Cascio, 1993 Mollica Gray, 2001 Noer, 1993 ONeill Lenn, 1995 Shah, 2000). The survivors of downsizing are not the happy campers, grateful to have their jobs, but rather that surviving is so difficult that continuing employees experience high levels of assay than displaced employees (Collins-Nakai, Devine, Stainton Reay, 2003). The existent psychological consider between employees and their managers within the organization may be affected by the downsizing. Many researchers reported that it would create feeling of anxiety, uncertainty, suspiciousness and decrease in productivity. The fear and anxiety of survivors who still remain with the organization is increasing due to the increasing feeling of uncertainty, instability and insecurity that downsizing may brings. This is called as survivors syndrome.Definition of survivor syndromeThe literature suggests a condition referred to as survivor syndrome, or a set of attitudes, feelings and perceptions that occur in employees who remain in organizational systems following involuntary employee reductions (Collins-Nakai, Devine, Stainton Reay, 2003 p.109-110). Survivor syndrome is defined by some human resource professionals as being the mixed bag of behaviors and emotions often e xhibited by remaining employees following an organizational downsizing (Appelbaum, Close Klasa, 1999 p.424-436). Survivor syndrome has become known as the excited and attitudinal characteristics of those who have survived from a downsizing (Mossholder et al., 2000 Iverson and Pullman, 2000 Allen et al., 2001). The emotional solutions of each survivor are different.There are not many previous researches confirmed the positive response for survivor when downsizing occurs, some note that concentrating on core operational competencies can reduce unnecessary management layers and increase the speed of decision-making (DeWitt, 1993 Tomasko, 1989), some researches even suggest that fear of termination may increase individual effort among employees who wish to retain their jobs (Kraft, 1991). A few active survivors feel themselves so lucky because they still have their job, survivors may work more hours without compensation to help the organization through the transition. They intrust t hat they quite understand the difficulties as well as the main reasons why organizations choose to apply downsizing strategy, they are will to stick with organization for a long time and treat add their efforts to the development of organizations. Contrary to a few positive responses, a lot of previous researches have provided many evidences to prove the harmful impacts of downsizing may bring for survivors such as lower morale (Armstrong-Stassen, 1993), increase vehemence (Leana and Feldman, 1992), and anger, envy, and guilt (Noer, 1993). According to Collins-Nakai, Devine, Stainton Reay (2003) consistent with the terminology of a syndrome, this collection of symptoms includes anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt, or Baruch and Hind (2000) indicates that survivors exhibit a plethora of tasks, such as de motivation, cynicism, insecurity, demoralization and a significant decline in organizational commitment. Termination of co-workers may lead to perceptions of organizatio nal injustice and distrust of top management (e.g. Brockner Greenberg, 1990 Mishra Spreitzer, 1998 Noer, 1998). Kinnie, Hutchinson and Purcell (1998) indicated the survivors syndrome include increased levels of stress, absenteeism, distrust as well as decreased levels of work quality, morale and productivity. Lecky (1998) identified the survivor syndrome will lead to decrease employee commitment, increase concern about job security.A lot of research shows that in case of downsizing, the organization breaks the existed psychological postulate between employees and their managers, which is the family blood that make employees get along to their organization or their manager, feel commitment to work, trying their best to the development of the organization. It is a loyalty, commitment with organization. But its consequences may brought by downsizing can create the dependent psychological within employees, they did not want to try, to give their effort because of their worried, unc ertain and the loyal feeling may be replaced by a sense of betrayal. Downsizing survivors often curious about management and spend their times to observe the intention of management after downsizing occurs they have greater concern on their future with the organization. It creates stress among employees in the organization it affects their next attempt and the willing to stay with the organizations. With survivors, organization may thinks they are lucky, but in the reality of many people, their emotions are anger, loneliness, feel lost in broken team work because of missing their colleagues, they do not feel confident enough for work due to their wondering about their job. Downsizing occurs that averages organization is left with fewer employees who are expected to put in their best effort in a manner that enhances organizational productivity (Kets de Vries Balazs 1997). They are the ones who organization put their faith in expect long term commitment, but with few people, it may lead to workload, role conflict, and role ambiguity tend to be high among the remaining staff after downsizing (Hellgren et al. 2005 Parker et al. 1997 Tombaugh sinlessness 1990). Workload reflects the perception of having too much work to do in the time available (Beehr, Walsh Taber 1976). Workgroup membership changes also may be associated with the loss of important organizational knowledge (Fisher White, 2000). Role conflict concerns the experience of having to deal with conflicting terms, instructions, and demands in the work environment (Rizzo, House Lirtzman 1970). Role ambiguity relates to the individuals experience of not knowing what is expected of her at work (Caplan 1971). Besides that, survivors may view downsizing as a threat to their job security, an indication of poor organizational performance, or a symptom of unfair management behavior. Survivors may also develop negative feelings toward the organization, as well as perceiving that organizational goals are diff icult to achieve. According to Isabella (1989) has noted that while organizations are usually take care of the needs of those being laid off, they are often forget and unprepared for the changing emotions, lower morale and productivity often experienced and expressed by survivors. Managers may expect survivors not only to be grateful they were spared and to forgive what happened to their friends, but also to put their feelings aside and work harder. But the reality is not that, a bag of survivor behaviors or called survivors syndrome has always existed, it is like a contract between employees and organizations, the contract gives survivors psychological control over their work environment, which lets them freely invest themselves in caring for customers.TrustGranovetter (1985) and Lewis and Weigert (1985) define trust as a willingness to be vulnerable to others, ground on the prior belief that those others are trustworthy. Another definition of trust is offered by Mayer, Davis and Schoorman (1995), who proposed that trust is the willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other will perform a particular action important to the trustor, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control that other party. Or according to Mishra Spreitzer (1998) trust is related to psychological contracts since trust is the expectation of a future action based on the action in the past by observing the rules of behaviors in relationships. If these expectations are not met, the expectation becomes hopeless, frustrated and will lose confidence, distrust will appear instead of trust (Robinson, Kraatz Rousseau, 1994). The trust is an essential part of managing people and building a high performance, productivity organization. Trust is the foundation of all relationship from top to bottom in the organization. If employees believe in their manager, their organization, this relationship will always help to create good worki ng conditions, employees are willing to stand up for their organization at any situations, they will naturally want to do a good things, contribute their best effort for the success of their organization. Conversely, if there is no trust between employees and managers, employees will have negative actions, will not devote their energy to the development of their organization, the relationship is broken.Downsizing organizations appear to suffer a deterioration of trust (Buch Aldridge, 1991 Cascio, 1993) and an increase in fear (Buch et al., 1991). The occurring of downsizing makes employees feel uncertain about organization, stress the responses tends to score lower in problem solving, creativity and the ability to learn new skills, uncertainty and anxiety reduces the focus of work. Trust between employees and organization also reduced because downsizing is usually a headache thought of managers, they need a long time for making the decision, but with employees, downsizing is just a sudden result, sometimes they do not have a chance to prepare or may not believe that they will be the one who be laid off. According to ONeill Lenn (1995), survivors who believe that management is competent and reliable, may view downsizing as less threatening because they believe that the managers will keep their promise, be honest and open for what is expiration on with their employees. Trust is instrumental in overcoming resistance to change, for it shapes how individuals interpret the implementation process (Kotter Schlesinger, 1979). If they have trust, survivors are willing think that all the things that organization do, have a reason, it is a good thing for them, for organization, downsizing just helps organization stand in difficult time as well as creating opportunities for employees in the future. In other words, trust in top management minimizes the categorization of threat by helping survivors to understand and believe in managements intentions and expected behavio r. If they do not have trust, survivors will have negative thinking such as the decision of manager is wrong, or managers put their personal interests above the interests of employees. Without trust, employees are likely to feel threatened by downsizing, leading to resistance and retaliation, rather than the constructive cooperation that is necessary to facilitate deep change (Quinn, 1996).CommitmentThere are a lot of definitions about employee commitment such as A force that stabilizes individual behavior under circumstances where the individual would otherwise be tempted to change that behavior (Brickman, 1987), or The relative strength of an individuals identification with and involvement in a particular organization (Mowday et al, 1979) or simply A psychological state that binds the individual to the organization (Allen Meyer, 1990). Commitment is loyalty to the organization. A loyal employee identifies with an organization and is involved in being an employee of that organizat ion (Price Mueller, 1986). Committed employees feel that there is a tight string between them and the organization, which, in the positive form, makes them more willing to perform their job. Organizational commitment is the driving force behind an organizations performance (Suliman and Iles, 2000, p. 408). The multidimensional approach poses that organization commitment is influenced by three constructs emotional attachment (affective commitment), perceive costs (continuance commitment) and moral obligation (normative commitment) (Allen and Meyer, 1990). Affective commitment is mean that employees stay with organization because they want to, they believes in organization and feel it like their home. Normative commitment is mean that employees stay with organization because they feel obligated to continue to work for many different reasons and purposes. Continuance commitment is mean that employees stay with the organization because cost of giving up the job is too high for them. ( European Motivation-Index.com). It has also been proposed that different types of commitment can have different effects on behaviors and attitudes (Iles et al., 1990). For example, continuance commitment can have detrimental effects on job satisfaction compared to the beneficial effects of affective commitment (Suliman and Iles, 2000). Affective commitment has been shown to be the best predictor of intention to leave (Stallworth, 2004) and found to be more important than job satisfaction in determining service quality of customer-contact employees (Malhotra and Mukherjee, 2004).It can be seen that in human resource management process, organizations should pay economic aid to the affect commitment group because these people will add value, increase productivity and quality to the organization, but they also be the most affected by downsizing, or in other word maintaining a high level of employees affective commitment to the organization is assumed to be a critical factor for success ful downsizing, but downsizing tends to reduce employees affective commitment to the organization (Lee Jaewon, 2002). According to many research about employee commitment, in downsizing context, employees commitment to an organization is challenged. Moreover, commitment has been shown to positively influence other variables related to survivor syndrome, such as job satisfaction (Liou, 1995 Fletcher and Williams, 1996 Mowday et al., 1974 Wong et al., 1995 Vandenberg and Lance, 1992), performance (Hartmann and Bambacas, 2000) and sensed organizational support (Eisenberger et al., 2001). A negative relationship has been shown for absenteeism (Iverson and Deery, 2001 Metcalfe and Dick, 2000) and turnover intention (Schnake and Dumler, 2000)StressAccording to Casico Wynn (2004) stated that the downsizing create a breach of an unwritten rules that constitute the psychological contract between employer and employee leads to a rise in stress and a decrease in satisfaction, commitment, int ention to stay and perceptions of an organizations trustworthiness, honesty, and caring about its employees. Stress has been defined as a stimulus, a response, or the result of an interaction between the two, with the interaction described in terms of some imbalance between the person and the environment (Cooper, Dewe ODriscoll, 2001). When downsizing occurs, like the victims, the survivors often lose control over their employment experimental condition and work situation. Survivors often feel angry and overwhelmed by the sudden time out of the workplace, similar to people who be laid off, survivors also have feelings of betrayal and fury when downsizing occurs. Research also indicates that other stressful characteristics tend to leave when work has to be carried out by fewer employees (Hellgren Sverke 2001 Hopkins Weathington 2006 Pfeffer 1998). The lack of people to work become overwhelmed, constant anxiety because of imbalance as well as job losses can be happened anytime t hat creates stress to survivors.Employee stress can take many forms and significant impact on both employees and organizations it can licence as anxiety, irritability, dependency, depression and it results in reduced productivity, employee burnout, absenteeism (Valueoption.com). It has been suggested that the stress of the survivor may be great or even greater than the stress of those who has been laid off (Kaufman 1982).Job insecurityJob insecurity is the exact opposite of job security, is defined as the perceived powerlessness to maintain desired continuity in a threatened job situation by Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt (1984). Job insecurity represents one of the most frequently investigated stressors in the context of organizational change and downsizing (e.g., De Witte 1999 Sverke/Hellgren 2002). The string sticks employees with organization is job, in other word, any organization keeps their employees by proper job with many opportunities to learn, to develop, and above all of th em, the job has to be permanent and security. When downsizing occurs, survivors feel like the promise of organization has broken down, they see their colleagues lose their job and they fear of losing their jobs at anytime, fear of instability of income, loss of status or self esteem. They believe that their work will no longer be safe, if the organization was willing to let the employees go in the past, they would be willing to do it again in the future. Job insecurity leads to dissatisfaction, people intent to leave the organization and come to a safer place it also leads to greater absenteeism, higher turnovers and disability claims (Boroson and Burgess, 1992 Koco. 1996 Mishra and Spreitzer. 1998 Tombaugh and White. 1990).Previous studies such as Moore, Grunberg Greenberg (2006) Ashford, Lee Bobko (1989) Brockner et al. (1992) or Hellgren Sverke (2003) have concluded that job insecurity are related with organizational downsizing both in short and long term perspective and the worried about future job loss is associated with impaired work attitudes and well-being. Theorists have emphasized that job insecurity is a multidimensional phenomenon (Ashford, Lee Bobko, 1989 Greenhalgh Rosenblatt, 1984 Jacobson, 1991). The first dimension, called severity of threat, consists of the range of work features at risk, the valence of these features, probabilities of losing each feature, and the number of sources of threat. The second dimension is perceived powerlessness, or ones ability to respond to risks. Job insecurity can also be thought of in terms of expectancy (i.e. probability of loss) and valence (i.e. value of job features) from expectancy theory (Jacobson, 1991). Job insecurity is a broad concept, including threats to any desired work features including opportunities for career development or wages. Perceptions of job insecurity also can be considered as stress inducing, so reports of worry and stress are sometimes used as proxies for perception of job ins ecurity. Results showed that perceived job insecurity increased over time as layoffs unfolded but no new information arrived. Job insecurity was lowest among those employees who had no contact with workforce downsizing, with higher insecurity among those who had friends or co-workers laid off, and the highest insecurity among those who had been warned that they would be laid off or who had been laid off and then rehired.HypothesesMany organization managers apply workforce downsizing strategy for their organization, often focus their attention and effort for those employees who be laid off and pay little attention to those who remain with organizationAs the large commercial bank in Vietnam, Techcombank is also applying workforce downsizing like many other organizations to overcome the current difficulties. affirm to know the survivors syndrome is very important not only for Techcombank but also for many other organizations. Organizations that understand the causes of survivor syndro me at an early stage can a better chance to find an appropriate way to go.Based on the previous studies, in the scope of this research, researcher would like to find out the impact of workforce downsizing to the behavior such as trust, commitment, and stress and job insecurity of Techcombank staffs to see how they were affected by workforce downsizing and how trust, commitment, stress and job insecurity will be changed between before and after workforce downsizing is applied. Through this research, researcher hopes to put some help for Techcombank managers in order to have a better understanding about their employees so that they can looking for an appropriate direction as well as proper(postnominal) plan to minimize the harmful impacted that may arises from downsizing.Based on the above theory discussion, the Hypothesis is formulated as following(H1) There is a significant difference in stress of respondents before and after workforce downsizing is applied(H2) There is a significa nt difference in stress of respondents before and after workforce downsizing is applied(H3) There is a significant difference in stress of respondents before and after workforce downsizing is applied(H4) There is a significant difference in stress of respondents before and after workforce downsizing is appliedChapter SummaryThroughout the chapter, the researcher gives a deeper review of previous research on workforce downsizing and its impacted on survivors. There are many different opinions about the effects of workforce downsizing on organizations, some studies indicated