How Butler makes that argument and what his strongest points are Essay

How Butler makes that argument and what his strongest points are - Essay Example It is also apparent that the strategy of offering free education to the children promotes social interaction among the different ethical backgrounds through games and exposure. Another strongest point made by Butler (2010) is that education is a necessity that every child need to access in the US. He makes the argument by referring to the government’s plans of ensuring that the new generation benefits from technological adoptions to advance their skills. This strategy allows the country to replace the traditional concepts that do not use technology in service delivery or production. It is essential to prepare new graduates who can help in this transition to digital usage through education. It provides a level playing field in which the underprivileged children are offered the avenue to secure their futures. According to Butler (2010), this is also beneficial to the society for education discourages idleness and social evils. In this regard, the government has done an intelligent thing of offering free education to the

Let's Be Lefties For a Day Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Let's Be Lefties For a Day - Assignment Example ch ensures that employees maximize their contribution to the organization while enabling them to reach their own potential; creating a win-win situation for all. Diversity in the workplace refers to the variety of employees in a given work environment. Every organization today is made up of employees from a variety of ethnic, cultural, and racial backgrounds, add to this diverse group a mix of genders. Managers and professionals in such settings are responsible for molding this diverse group into a cohesive unit that benefits the organization, while ensuring that every employee is enabled to reach his/her potential. The idea of diversity is acceptance of differences and respect for them. In essence this means accepting that each individual is unique and is different from another in certain respects. These differences can be in a wide variety of spheres ranging from cultural and racial to religious and gender. Exploring these dimensions and understanding them can lead to an enriching experience – the ability to not just make allowances for but to appreciate them and celebrate the unique qualities they contribute. Diversity does not mean just physical diversity in outward appearance or speech. People who grow up in differing environments or come from different educational backgrounds also think and respond differently. The difference lies not only in how they are perceived but also how they perceive others and themselves. This also affects the way they interact with others especially those they perceive to be different from themselves. The result can be discrimination where those who ‘belong’ are at an advantage while those who do not are at a disadvantage. The challenge for the manager or professional in a business setting is to build bridges across differences and strengthen bonds to enable a work environment sans discrimination. The simple experiment of using the left hand instead of the right for ordinary activities like turning the pages of a book or

The aim of my experiment Essay Example for Free

The aim of my experiment Essay Evaluation Although I feel that my experiment was sound overall, I thought there were many points at which the accuracy was not perfect. As I have already stated, my preliminary experiment was not accurate enough to justify being used as my main experiment, mostly due to the fact that I was relying on all the bubbles being the same size, which they clearly werent, however many of the smaller inaccuracies also apply to my main experiment. Firstly, the distance between the light sources and the Canadian Pondweed were not measured to a very high degree of accuracy, especially when you note the fact that the distance should have been measured exactly from the filament of the light bulb to the centre of the plant, and it is possible here to find a percentage error. I estimate that the error could have been up to 0. 5cm and I will find the percentage error for the largest and smallest reading using this estimate: Percentage error = possible inaccuracy total reading % error distance 10 5cm 1 50cm It is clear to see that the percentage error is much less for the larger distances. Although I was not actually using the distances as part of my results, I used them as a marker for where the lamp was placed each time, as I assumed that the light intensity would be the same each time at a particular distance. Therefore, any inaccuracies in measuring the distances, i. e. if a distance was slightly different when doing the actual experiment from the distance at which I earlier measured the light intensity, an error would ensue. The second major inaccuracy was in measuring the volume of oxygen given off. When reading the syringe there could have been an error of 0.25mm, and again it is possible to find a percentage error. % error volume 3. 57 7ml 50 0. 5ml For the smallest volumes this is clearly a massive error, and to improve this, it would be necessary to do the readings over a longer period of time, therefore increasing the volumes, and in turn reducing the percentage errors. Another error would have been due to background light in the vicinity. We tried to reduce this error by closing all blinds in the laboratory, but due to practical reasons, we could not all perform the experiment in a separate room, and we therefore experienced light pollution from other students experiments. This would have had a very marginal effect on my results as a whole, but to eliminate this problem completely, it would have been necessary to perform the experiment in a totally dark room. A further inaccuracy was in the heat generated by the lamp. As I have earlier described, temperature has a very noticeable effect on the rate of photosynthesis, and so any increase in the temperature of the pond water would have had serious effects on the accuracy of my results. To ensure this did not happen, I monitored the temperature of the water before and after every reading, to check that the temperature did in fact not rise. It turned out not to be a problem, as over the short period of time taken by my experimental readings, the temperature did not rise at all. However, if I were to extend the time of my experiment to 5 minutes for each reading for example, which would have the effect of reducing other percentage errors, I would have to find some way of keeping the temperature constant. One way of doing this would be to place a perspex block between the lamp and the plant, which would absorb most of the heat, while allowing the light energy to pass through. As I mentioned in my planning, carbon dioxide concentration could have been an error in the experiment, however, I feel that due to the short period of time taken, there is very little chance that the concentration would ever have been so low as to have become the limiting factor. Again if I were to carry out the experiment over a longer time period, it would have been necessary to add sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water to increase the carbon dioxide concentrations. The last inaccuracy, though a small one, was in the time keeping. The main problem here was in when to begin the minute. If for one reading, the minute was started just after one bubble had been produced, and in another reading it was just before, this could have had a negative effect on the accuracy of my results. I therefore ensured that in each case I started the stopwatch just after a bubble had been produced, thus heightening the accuracy. Overall, I felt that due to the small volumes of oxygen involved, my experiment was not as accurate as it could have been, however I believe it was accurate enough to support and justify my hypotheses. Improvements could have been made as I have stated, mainly by simply increasing the time taken. However, due to practical time constraints in taking the readings for my investigation, and some consequential problems relating to time extension, I could not in fact make these adjustments. The other obvious way of increasing the reliability of my results would be to take many repeat readings and find an average. To extend my enquiries into the rate of photosynthesis, I could perhaps try to link in some of the other limiting factors to the same experiment, as well as investigating them in their own right. It could also be interesting to explore the effects of coloured lights on the rate of photosynthesis, which could lead to the question of whether or not other types of light, such as fluorescent lights or halogen lights, would have a different effect on the rate of photosynthesis.

Urban Heat Island and Green Infrastructure

Urban Heat Island and Green Infrastructure Chapter 1 What is urban heat island? History â€Å"Did you know that people can affect the environment and even change the weather? Well, next time you are told you cannot, say you already have.†[1] The more urban areas and construction industry develop, the more profoundly the surrounding landscape is altered but also the city scene is changed. Buildings and streets infrastructure replace open land and vegetation. Regions that were once permeable and moist are converted into impervious and dry surfaces. These changes cause urban regions to become warmer than their suburban and rural surroundings therefore forming areas of higher temperatures or heat bubbles in the landscape. This effect is now known as urban heat island and is absolutely not related to the greenhouse effect or global warming. It is strictly a land use phenomena, sometimes exacerbated by city activities. It was in the 1810’s when Luke Howard, a British meteorologist, first investigated and in 1818-1820 described the phenomena. His study[2] was made on the London climate and he documented the effect that built-up areas have on the local weather and temperature. Nowadays, the urban heat island is one of the most studied climate effects of settlements and there is a large body of data on urban heat island characteristics from cities globally. Components of urban heat island In order to identify and describe the urban heat island in one metropolitan area, scientists use temperature registrations of different components. The first component is the surface temperature which represents the temperature of exposed urban surfaces like streets, pavements, faà §ades and roofs. The second component is the atmospheric temperature defined by the air temperature measured in two layers from a vertical city section. These two layers are defined like this: Urban canopy layer – represents the city’s layer of air from the ground to the roofs’ level Urban boundary layer – represents the city’s layer of air from above the roofs to the point where urban activity no longer influences the atmosphere. Figure 2‑a Picture illustrates the difference between urban boundary layer and urban canopy layer Apparently, surface and air temperatures are not related, however surface temperature has an indirect, but extremely significant influence on air temperature, especially in the urban canopy layer. During day time, heat is absorbed by urban infrastructure and edifices and after sunset the energy is slowly released in the air. Consequently, the air temperature in the city during night is maintained at a high level while in suburbs it is cooling down. Figure 2‑b Picture illustrates the city heat bubble Urban heat island is manifested as heat bubble that incorporates the affected parts of the city. But for a better general understanding, when referred to urban heat island effect, it is normally presented as a temperature difference or comparison between the air within the urban canopy layer and that measured in a suburban or rural area outside the settlement both during day and night. Figure 2‑c Picture illustrates the temperature difference between the urban and suburban areas The temperature difference between the two zones is specific for every settlement and it depends significantly on local climate and city morphology. The same rule applies to how warm the urban area is during nighttime compared to daytime. As a general approximation, it could be stated that the city temperature is warmer with 2 ° to 12 °C than suburbs and surrounding rural areas but its. As a result the annual mean air temperature of a city can be with 1 ° to 5 °C warmer than its surroundings.[3] How do urban heat islands form? From the beginning it should be pointed out that every settlement is capable of generating a heat island regardless of its size or location. However, the aspect of urban heat island is characteristic to every city. In addition to the local climate which is subjected to various meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity and wind, a number of man-made causes determine the occurrence and intensification of urban heat islands. This phenomena must be seen as the combined result of energy losses and gains together with the increasing area urbanization. City background Climate Settlements’ background strongly influence urban heat island formation. Climate, predominantly wind and clouds, is one of the most significant factors. Heat island levels are largest under calm and clear weather conditions while increasing winds mix the air and reduce the phenomena. Figure 2‑d Picture illustrates how radiative cooling works on cloudy and cloudless nights Radiative cooling is â€Å"the process by which a body releases heat†[4]. In this case the bodies are buildings and pavements. This process is substantially affected by the presence or absence of clouds therefore the level of urban heat island is different depending on the conditions. The maximum level of radiative cooling is experienced on cloudless nights. If there is no wind there is nothing that can block the release of heat in the atmosphere. Therefore the air within the urban canopy layer will continuously be heated and in this case the urban heat island reaches the highest point. Clouds reduce radiative cooling as they increase humidity level and also bring precipitations. Furthermore clouds act like a barrier that absorbs released heat and re-radiate it both back and towards the atmosphere, fact that leads to temperature equalization within the canopy layer. Table 2‑c Temperature equalization process When the temperature equalization is reached, the radiative cooling process stops. In this case, the urban heat island is less prominent than during clear sky nights. Geographic location Geographic location has also an influence on urban heat island. A coastal city may experience cooling of urban temperature as well as cities in cold or temperate climates. A city located in the proximity of a forested area has the tendency to create a higher urban heat island than a city developed in a desert. Forests are cooler, therefore the temperature difference between the city and the forest will be higher compared to the desert case where the temperatures are close. City’s morphology Albedo An additional factor that influences urban heat island, particularly at night, is urban morphology. Increasing urbanization heavily alters the ground cover and water formations. What used to be vegetation, beach or lake, now is converted into a city form which comprises the materials used in constructions and infrastructure, the buildings’ dimensions and spacing and amount of green spaces. Materials’ surface color is also an important factor in the city’s morphology. Albedo is determined by the reflectivity of a surface. It is usually defined as a percentage of reflected radiation or by a number between 0 and 1. An albedo with a value of 1 means that 100% of the incoming radiation is reflected and 0% of it is absorbed. An albedo with a value of 0 means that 100% of the incoming radiation is absorbed and 0% of it is reflected. Additionally, urban geometry influences the wind flow direction and speed. Figure 2‑e Albedo illustrations Urban materials One typical city can have approximately 10-20% of its land surface rooftops. Concrete, asphalt and pavements may cover up to 35-55% of the city’s area. All previously mentioned surfaces are really burning during summer, and during day time they can be hotter with more than 50 °C than the air temperature. These structures and the materials they are composed of have large heat capacity and surface radiative properties that facilitate absorption and storage of solar energy. What is more is that urban construction materials are often dark in color, especially roof coverings and a low albedo effect contributes even more to the development of urban heat island. Cities can have multiple and different formations but the ones most relevant to urban heat island are urban canyons. They are like a standard classification of the urban environment, covering the width of the streets and buildings’ height and are usually defined by a ratio between these two factors. Building height is defined by H and canyon with, which represents the streets’ width and thus the distance between buildings from the sides of the street, is defined by W. A high ratio of H:W means that the urban canyon is tall and narrow and a low H:W means that the urban canyon is low and wide. This ratio is a relative measurement. Figure 2‑f Upstream urbanization â€Å"To cool cities, build them tall and shiny†[5]. The impression that tall buildings act as a protection from heat is a completely misplaced one. In fact, small, modern cities with upstream urbanization can have a larger urban heat island effect than a bigger city with no upstream urbanization. This study Thermal Effects of Urban Canyon Structure on the Nocturnal Heat Island: Numerical Experiment Using a Mesoscale Model Coupled with an Urban Canopy Model[6] on tall and narrow urban canyons demonstrates the complex effect that skyscrapers have. These urban canyons display a larger amount of materials that can retain heat and the faà §ades area is close to or even bigger than the canyon area itself. Buildings act as a barrier against wind and air is hardly circulated. Narrow urban canyons with skyscrapers limit the sky view and streets are most of the time shaded. But even with a modest amount of daylight comes a large retention of heat. At the beginning of the day, only the uppermost part of the faà §ades are directly sunlit, but during the day, the beam of light reaches lower. At the end of the day, more than 60% of the skyscrapers’ faà §ade area is sunlit by the direct light beam and thus results a maximized heat absorption per unit area. The absorbed heat is rel eased during night and narrow spaces between buildings act as a trap and the cooling process becomes slower. The amount of released heat combined with hot gas emissions and reduced wind speed make these city segments experience an increased urban heat island effect. Another very common urban canyon is the wide and high type. Skyscrapers act as wind barriers but there is a higher chance to have a better natural ventilation because of the wide spaces between the buildings. The sky view is larger than in a narrow and high urban canyon therefore the building shading effect is lower. Buildings and pavements receive direct sunlight throughout the entire day and at night the cooling process is slow. This is because a large amount of heat is released in the same time in a relatively small space and there is very little wind to help the process. Figure 2‑i Shadow effect in low urban canyons Wide and low canyons receive more sunlight and wind enters between buildings easier than in a high urban canyon. Streets are only partly shaded by buildings and buildings across the street rarely shade each other. In this situation, during the day, buildings and streets absorb heat faster and on the entire surface area. Surfaces receive direct light beam with maximum heat and they also absorb the small reflected heat by surrounding materials. Likewise heating process the cooling process at night is also faster because the large space between buildings does not trap the warmth and allows air circulation. Lack of vegetation As previously mentioned, increasing urbanization alters the local landscape and most importantly it is done in many ways that really trap a lot of heat. Most of the city’s area is covered with different materials which obstruct the growing of vegetation and prevent the ingress of water in the soil. Therefore the natural circulation process of water in atmosphere is completely changed and it becomes a general concern only when it is too late for changing. As a result, city’s top view in general looks like a mass of concrete combined with asphalt and with not too many little green spots as parks. Therefore, cities are considered hotspots of heat also due to the lack of grass and trees. Vegetation provides moisture and shade which helps lower the surface and air temperature. Open land is a living component compared to concrete and asphalt and it is cooler due to water infiltration high albedo. When sun is shining the water is released from the ground and it cools the surfa ce and also the air by providing humidity. Effects The most obvious effect of urban heat island is that it increases the annual mean temperature of the city. Increased surface heat, especially during summer, can pose a threat to indoor temperatures as well. When a building is designed, faà §ades and roofs are projected to act as an envelope that protects the indoor for outdoor in normal circumstances. But the envelopes’ outside materials are exposed to direct sunlight throughout the day. When the outside surfaces reach abnormal high temperatures hotter than air temperature, no matter how well the walls and roofs are insulated, the indoor air is affected. As a result, air conditioning and mechanical ventilation systems (HVAC) are overused and the energy consumption of the building is increasing. Figure 2‑j Heat bubble effect on clouds The urban heat island can be represented as a heat bubble which incorporates the city. â€Å"When a normal cloud hits the heat bubble it can expand up to two times and can blow up about the half way through. This leads to an increase in precipitations and sometimes the midtown can see up to two times more rainfalls quantity than areas surrounding it.†[7] 1 | Page [1] Quote from Elliot, M. (Director), 2013. The urban heat island explained on The Weather Channel [2] Howard, L., 1818-20. The climate of London: deduced from Meteorological Observations, made at different places in the neighborhood of the metropolis (1st ed., Vol. I). London [3] Quote from Wikipedia, 2001. Urban heat island. [online] [4] Quote from Wikipedia, 2003. Radiative cooling. [online] [5] Quote from Upton, J., 2014. To cool cities, build them tall and shiny. [online] [6] Paragraph information from Kusaka, H., Kimura, F., 2004. Thermal Effects of Urban Canyon Structure on the Nocturnal Heat Island: Numerical Experiment Using a Mesoscale Model Coupled with an Urban Canopy Model. American Meteorological Society. [7] Quote from Elliot, M. (Director). (2013). The urban heat island explained on The Weather Channel

Pablo Picasso - His Life and His Art Essay -- Visual Arts Paintings Ar

Pablo Picasso - His Life and His Art Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, painter, sculptor, and printmaker, was born in Malaga Spain on October 25, 1881 and died on April 8, 1973.Today he is considered to be one of the most influential and successful artists in history. Picasso contributed many things to 19th century and modern day art and his name is familiar to all those involved in the many different fields of art. Throughout the seven decades that Picasso produced artwork he used many different types of media. In each piece of art he produced he searched for new possibilities, invented images in them, and reflected events that were occurring in his world through his artwork. Picasso had many artistic influences in his life, including CÃ ©zanne, Toulouse-Lautrec, and the well-known School of Fine Arts in Paris. Picasso contributed to artistic individuality when he started painting pictures in just one basic colour or one certain colour grouping. He achieved this when he did the paintings of the blue period and rose period and other artists later followed Picasso's example. Picasso contributed to artistic creativity by exploring and creating new art forms during his career such as Cubism-which was not limited to painting. This new style of cubism eventually led to the modern abstract art that is visible to us in the artwork of the modern day world. Pablo Picasso showed his interest in art as a young boy. He showed great talent at a very young age and liked to paint pictures of the city life around him. This talent of Picasso's did not go unnoticed and at age 15 he entered into the Paris School of Fine Arts in 1896 where his father was a professor (Grolier). While there Picasso experimented with many of the different avant-garde styles happening at that time which is seen throughout his career as an artist. Many other artists, such as CÃ ©zanne and Toulouse-Lautrec, influenced Picasso. Paul CÃ ©zanne was known both for his technique of putting down on canvas exactly what his eye saw in nature and for the qualities of pictorial form that he achieved through a unique treatment of space, mass, and colour and inspired Picasso to express his own impression of current events through his artwork. Another influence was Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec who was known for being a leading postimpressionist artist whose paintings, lithography, and posters contributed much to the development of ... ...ng planes, and he made the guitar's sound hole a projecting cylinder (World book). Picasso's creation of cubism led to many of the abstract art styles utilized in the modern day world. Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist extraordinaire, had many artistic influences in his life, including CÃ ©zanne, Toulouse-Lautrec, and the infamous School of Fine Arts in Paris. Picasso contributed to artistic individuality by not following the works of other artists and encouraged other artists to explore art through the use of just one basic colour or one certain colour grouping. He made this contribution when he created the paintings of the Blue Period and Rose Period. Picasso also contributed to artistic creativity when he assisted in creating a new style known as cubism, which he explored through different mediums including sculptures and collages in his paintings. Cubism eventually led to the creation of abstract art that is visible today in modern day art. So, as you can see, Picasso was definitely one of the most influential and successful artists in the history of art and those who know his work and his contributions will most likely never forget his name and his contribution to the world of art. Pablo Picasso - His Life and His Art Essay -- Visual Arts Paintings Ar Pablo Picasso - His Life and His Art Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, painter, sculptor, and printmaker, was born in Malaga Spain on October 25, 1881 and died on April 8, 1973.Today he is considered to be one of the most influential and successful artists in history. Picasso contributed many things to 19th century and modern day art and his name is familiar to all those involved in the many different fields of art. Throughout the seven decades that Picasso produced artwork he used many different types of media. In each piece of art he produced he searched for new possibilities, invented images in them, and reflected events that were occurring in his world through his artwork. Picasso had many artistic influences in his life, including CÃ ©zanne, Toulouse-Lautrec, and the well-known School of Fine Arts in Paris. Picasso contributed to artistic individuality when he started painting pictures in just one basic colour or one certain colour grouping. He achieved this when he did the paintings of the blue period and rose period and other artists later followed Picasso's example. Picasso contributed to artistic creativity by exploring and creating new art forms during his career such as Cubism-which was not limited to painting. This new style of cubism eventually led to the modern abstract art that is visible to us in the artwork of the modern day world. Pablo Picasso showed his interest in art as a young boy. He showed great talent at a very young age and liked to paint pictures of the city life around him. This talent of Picasso's did not go unnoticed and at age 15 he entered into the Paris School of Fine Arts in 1896 where his father was a professor (Grolier). While there Picasso experimented with many of the different avant-garde styles happening at that time which is seen throughout his career as an artist. Many other artists, such as CÃ ©zanne and Toulouse-Lautrec, influenced Picasso. Paul CÃ ©zanne was known both for his technique of putting down on canvas exactly what his eye saw in nature and for the qualities of pictorial form that he achieved through a unique treatment of space, mass, and colour and inspired Picasso to express his own impression of current events through his artwork. Another influence was Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec who was known for being a leading postimpressionist artist whose paintings, lithography, and posters contributed much to the development of ... ...ng planes, and he made the guitar's sound hole a projecting cylinder (World book). Picasso's creation of cubism led to many of the abstract art styles utilized in the modern day world. Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist extraordinaire, had many artistic influences in his life, including CÃ ©zanne, Toulouse-Lautrec, and the infamous School of Fine Arts in Paris. Picasso contributed to artistic individuality by not following the works of other artists and encouraged other artists to explore art through the use of just one basic colour or one certain colour grouping. He made this contribution when he created the paintings of the Blue Period and Rose Period. Picasso also contributed to artistic creativity when he assisted in creating a new style known as cubism, which he explored through different mediums including sculptures and collages in his paintings. Cubism eventually led to the creation of abstract art that is visible today in modern day art. So, as you can see, Picasso was definitely one of the most influential and successful artists in the history of art and those who know his work and his contributions will most likely never forget his name and his contribution to the world of art.

Effect of Communication Barriers in Organization

Ladies and Gentleman’s, Today, I want to share with you about ‘Effect of Communication Barriers and how to overcome this barriers’. Good communication is very important. Without communication, there is no way to express our thoughts, ideas and feelings. Since we babies and grew up, we learnt more words and study how to communicate with different people, at different times, in different ways. Studying about communication enables us to be good communicators and brings a ways to a good effective communication. Communications have a many definition. What in important, communication needs a sender and a receiver of the message.No matter how, communication can describes as a process which begins when we have a message that want deliver to other person’s, the person’s received the message, react to it and respond our message. That response may lead us to react and give another message (Elizabeth Tierney, 1998). This message must be conveyed through some med ium to the recipient. It is essential that this message must be understood by the recipient in same terms as intended by the sender. There are three (3) types of effective’s communication that we used every day in our lives (Camp & Satterwhite 2002).First is Oral Communication. Oral Communication is the spoken interaction between two or more of people. It’s used as an instant and immediate to conveying and receiving of information. It’s also builds self-esteem for both the audience and the speaker. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. These recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interview, etc. is significant so as to build a rapport an trust. According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), Oral Communication follow ways by Face to Face conversation, meeting , voice mail messages, tele-confering, oral presentation and lastly is public speaking. All these ways can be good communication and it’s most effective when the sender of a message has a good skill to deliver what they want to said. The second types are a Written Communication. It means a representation of a language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbol (Wikipedia).Written Communication is the way how we interpreted the feeling by some piece of paper. Written Communication can take place via letters, faxes, memos, e-mail, and reports, minute of meeting and new releases. It provides documentation and proof of the exchange of information. It helps in laying down apparent principles, policies and rules for running of an organization Last and not least, any kind of communication not involve the word, it’s called non verbal communication. This is the last types of communication that we use every day.It is communication of feelings, emotions, alti tudes, and thoughts through body movement, gestures, eye contact, etc. Non verbal can include vocal sounds that are no word such as grunt, sigh, and whimpers. Effective communication plays an important role not only in organization but is equally important in our personal life. Effective communication is important at all the levels in an organization. Effective communication goes a long way in passing the correct and the desired information to the recipient and the work is accomplished without errors in a short span on time.Effective communication also nullifies the chances of misunderstandings, conflict and errors which might crop in cases where the message is not clear. But, in the same time, there has a barriers can distract and prevent person’s from paying full attention to the message. It called as ‘Communication Barriers’. Ok, let’s see what that communication barriers, Barriers Communication is an interference or noise that might interfere when comm unication process happen. When I making the research what kind effect of communication barrier, they have lot of barrier can may distract and prevent the receiver from paying full attention to the message.Therefore, on this day, we will be discussing five (5) communication barrier and how to solve this problem. One of communication barriers is Physical interference. Physical interference is external and outside the control of both the speaker and the receiver. It affects the physical transmission of the message. Example a noise disturbances like loud music, the sound of traffic from a busy road, static coming from loud speaker system, or loud drilling from a nearby. Those kind of physical interference will affect the massage that been transferred from speaker to the listener.Let’s have a test to prove that this. Try to get 20 person sitting in the circle near to a radio and give a sentence to the first person â€Å"She swim at the sea shore and find a sea shell†. I con fident that the word after receive by the last person in the group will only â€Å"She swim.. † and the other word will be lost between the root from one person to another. This is a common thing that happened to us every day because of the surrounding and to avoid this thing happen and we have to overcome the problem first.Try to look at the issues here; the massage was not been transfer correctly because of the sound surrounding the group. At any circumstances, the message might be wrongly be delivered because of the music from the radio itself. Human bodies are connecting to each other and were link to our brain. If the ears are hearing something else other than the message that the delivered, the brain will capture something that similar to the massage or will lost in the transmitting. To solve this problem, we have to make sure that there are no interruption or and activity other than the group itself.In our life, if someone are having a discussion that involve two way c ommunication, we have to make sure that we at the place that no other thing can interrupt the conversation between the group. In a corporate organization, they will always having a meeting in a meeting room so that everyone can concentrate to the thing that they discuss and came up with a best solution or result. A second barrier of communication is a Lack of Enthusiasm, Subject Knowledge, Language and Emotion. Many of us are quick feel hopeless and turn away from a situation.This is one of the problems that lead to communication barriers. Do you really believe your organization is better than the competition’s Do you look as confident manager as you say you are? If you don’t have knowledge about your organization, it’s problem to your organization. Why I say so, this is because when you’re don’t have knowledge and experiences, it can hamper to the overall working of an organization. So, to solve this problem, we as a manager must show some enthusi asm like begin paying attention to the types of expressions we use.When everything we do with a smile, a serious or negative message will not happen. Languages play an important role in a joint communication in an organization. When we do a dealing with other country, we must have a requires skill to understand the language of their country. Example this language barrier is, when a country like Malaysia trade with Japan, the problem occurs when the communication dealing. This is because, Japan use their language as a intermediate language. So Malaysian must learn their language to communicate with them other than English to facilitate a transaction.Emotions are obstacles to any communication. If there are negative feelings that arise in the mind of a person, all communications will be interrupted. In an organization, we, as a manager should play an important role in a good relationship with all employees. We must be ready to solve problems that occur between subordinates not with a heavy heart side even with a sense of rational. On my knowledge and experiences, each organization provides performance evaluation for each employee. Every manager must needs to put forward their views on the performance of employees.Problem to this situation is, when manager used their emotion to this views on the performance of employee like dishonesty, jealousy, and other negative feelings, it will affect the progress of performance subordinate staff. These things should not happen in to organization. So, all manager here, please don’t use your emotion when evaluating the performance on your subordinates. The third problem of communication is a Semantic Barrier. Semantic barriers are the misunderstandings meaning of word and can occurs the barrier of communication. Someone can interpret the meaning with their experienced.It’s related between word, signs & phrases. It’s is the most difficulties in communication arise because the same word or symbol means diffe rent things to different individuals. Example of Semantic Barriers is like Connotation and Fluency. Connotation is a commonly understood subjective cultural or emotional association that some word or phrase carries, in addition to the word’s or phrase’s explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation (Wikipedia). They have a two (2) distinct sense. First is a ‘What must we know in order to determine the reference of an expression’ and secondly an idea to we suggested for implemented.For all knowledge, a sentence can convey entirely different meanings depending on the emphasis on words and the tone of voice for example, the statement, â€Å"I didn't SAY you were stupid† has six different meanings, depending on which word is emphasized like ‘I didn’t say YOU were stupid’ and ‘I didn’t say you were STUPID’. Some point to all remember is when we are angry or excited, our speech tends to become more rapid and higher pitched, when we are bored or feeling down, our speech tends to slow and take on a monotone quality and when we are feeling defensive, our speech is often abrupt.Fluency is the ability to read text accurately and quickly. Most people around us do not fully master the skill to speaks and read with confident. This weakness makes one’s self look weak in any communication with co-workers and managers. Fluency is very important to all of us. Why I say it is important? These is because, it shows that someone is knowledgeable in a particular field, say with utmost confidence and this will make the people around respect for ourselves. The fourth problem is a Physiological Interference. Health problems are one of the causes of the outbreak of the communication barrier.Headache, hearing loss, blindness, lack of focus, and suffer from short term memory lost due to physiological challenges on the part of the speaker or the receiver. When this happens, the speakers or the receiver will not take note of the things that will be presented by the speaker. Conditions such as headaches, blindness, lack of memory, hearing loss occurs in every person around us. Is my own example, if we have a headache, blindness, pain throughout the body, we will automatically fully concentrate on the pain and if someone started chatting, we like to take cognizance of and did not focus on it.If someone who was hearing-impaired, it is the biggest problem faced to communicate with people around. As speakers, if we want to deliver a thing of message, we must say with a loud tone clearly so that the receiver understands the meaning that we want delivered. For the blindness eyes, this will also affect the delivery of on-screen if any speakers make presentation using power point slides. This resulted in someone's difficult to concentrate on a slide that is displayed. Therefore, health is very important in a relationship communication.We will be constantly emphasize that our personal health symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, dim eyes, aching body is not the case because when it is in our bodies, all the important things will not be able to fully focus especially if are performing their duties in place work. Last and not least, is a lack of written and spoken in English. This is the one problem that happen in all of us expecially who doesn’t know how to communicate in English. In an organization, English is the main language. Less of reading book in English also be

Health Reform Essay

The American Medical Association (AMA) has been a supporter of the Affordable Care Act. This health reform has given coverage to over 30 million Americans (AMA). â€Å"We continue to support the health reform law as an important first step in covering the uninsured and transforming our health care system, and we are working hard to make improvements in the law for patients and physicians,† said Dr. Jeremy A. Lazarus, incoming president of the AMA (AMA). Physicians have asked why the AMA has supported the health care reform bill so early is the process. Dr. James Rohack, the president of the AMA, has stated â€Å"there are several sensible reasons for this strategy: †¢The original bill contained a core set of high-priority provisions that our organization has long supported; †¢Bill sponsors were not likely to maintain the $230+ billion investment in Medicare physician spending if we did not register support for the bill (hospitals, the home health sector, Medicare Ad vantage plans and pharmaceutical companies are all facing cuts in the tens and hundreds of billions of dollars); and †¢As early supporters, we are well positioned to help shape revisions to this bill, as well as the final legislation that will ultimately be presented to the President.† The AMA is working with Congress and Administrators to ensure the best outcome for patients and physicians. This reform has promised goals that the AMA is working on to make sure they are achieved. These goals are as stated by the House of Represantives, †¢Extending coverage to the uninsured †¢Making investments in the physician workforce †¢Providing long-term relief from Medicare’s flawed physician payment formula †¢Increasing the nation’s focus on preventive care and wellness initiatives †¢Simplifying administrative burdens for patients and physicians Although working to ensure these goals are met, this organization also has three other goals they are working to achieve. These goals are 1) Eliminate IPAB, 2) Replace SGR, and 3) Enact MLR. (AMA). The AMA is fighting to eliminate cuts to physicians and providers. They want to achieve a new system of payment. With this new system physicians can be rewarded for the care they provide. (AMA). Goal three has the AMA fighting to fix the liability system for patients and physicians. (AMA). In time, the Affordable Care Act bill will be worked out to where it will run smoothly. During this process the AMA will ensure that the legislative process will continue to better health care for Americans. References Rohack, J. (2009, July). AMA Comments On Health Care Reform Position. In Clinical & Practice management. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from www.acep.org The Affordable Care Act: An Important First Step. (2012). In Advocacy. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from www.ama-assn.org japsen, b. (2012, June 14). The AMA, A Key Backer of Obamacare, Looks to Reboot. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from www.forbes.com